AirSignatureDB: Exploring In-Air Signature Biometrics in the Wild and its Privacy Concerns

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Robledo-Moreno, Marta, Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben, Tolosana, Ruben, Ortega-Garcia, Javier, Huergo, Andres, Fierrez, Julian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Robledo-Moreno, Marta
Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben
Tolosana, Ruben
Ortega-Garcia, Javier
Huergo, Andres
Fierrez, Julian
author_facet Robledo-Moreno, Marta
Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben
Tolosana, Ruben
Ortega-Garcia, Javier
Huergo, Andres
Fierrez, Julian
contents Behavioral biometrics based on smartphone motion sensors are growing in popularity for authentication purposes. In this study, AirSignatureDB is presented: a new publicly accessible dataset of in-air signatures collected from 108 participants under real-world conditions, using 83 different smartphone models across four sessions. This dataset includes genuine samples and skilled forgeries, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of system robustness against realistic attack scenarios. Traditional and deep learning-based methods for in-air signature verification are benchmarked, while analyzing the influence of sensor modality and enrollment strategies. Beyond verification, a first approach to reconstructing the three-dimensional trajectory of in-air signatures from inertial sensor data alone is introduced. Using on-line handwritten signatures as a reference, we demonstrate that the recovery of accurate trajectories is feasible, challenging the long-held assumption that in-air gestures are inherently traceless. Although this approach enables forensic traceability, it also raises critical questions about the privacy boundaries of behavioral biometrics. Our findings underscore the need for a reevaluation of the privacy assumptions surrounding inertial sensor data, as they can reveal user-specific information that had not previously been considered in the design of in-air signature systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_08502
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle AirSignatureDB: Exploring In-Air Signature Biometrics in the Wild and its Privacy Concerns
Robledo-Moreno, Marta
Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben
Tolosana, Ruben
Ortega-Garcia, Javier
Huergo, Andres
Fierrez, Julian
Human-Computer Interaction
Behavioral biometrics based on smartphone motion sensors are growing in popularity for authentication purposes. In this study, AirSignatureDB is presented: a new publicly accessible dataset of in-air signatures collected from 108 participants under real-world conditions, using 83 different smartphone models across four sessions. This dataset includes genuine samples and skilled forgeries, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of system robustness against realistic attack scenarios. Traditional and deep learning-based methods for in-air signature verification are benchmarked, while analyzing the influence of sensor modality and enrollment strategies. Beyond verification, a first approach to reconstructing the three-dimensional trajectory of in-air signatures from inertial sensor data alone is introduced. Using on-line handwritten signatures as a reference, we demonstrate that the recovery of accurate trajectories is feasible, challenging the long-held assumption that in-air gestures are inherently traceless. Although this approach enables forensic traceability, it also raises critical questions about the privacy boundaries of behavioral biometrics. Our findings underscore the need for a reevaluation of the privacy assumptions surrounding inertial sensor data, as they can reveal user-specific information that had not previously been considered in the design of in-air signature systems.
title AirSignatureDB: Exploring In-Air Signature Biometrics in the Wild and its Privacy Concerns
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08502