RUBIES spectroscopically confirms the high number density of quiescent galaxies from $\mathbf{2<z<5}$

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhang, Yunchong, de Graaff, Anna, Setton, David J., Price, Sedona H., Bezanson, Rachel, Lagos, Claudia del P., Cutler, Sam E., McConachie, Ian, Cleri, Nikko J., Cooper, Olivia R., Gottumukkala, Rashmi, Greene, Jenny E., Hirschmann, Michaela, Khullar, Gourav, Labbe, Ivo, Leja, Joel, Maseda, Michael V., Matthee, Jorryt, Miller, Tim B., Nanayakkara, Themiya, Suess, Katherine A., Wang, Bingjie, Whitaker, Katherine E., Williams, Christina C.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866908797271801856
author Zhang, Yunchong
de Graaff, Anna
Setton, David J.
Price, Sedona H.
Bezanson, Rachel
Lagos, Claudia del P.
Cutler, Sam E.
McConachie, Ian
Cleri, Nikko J.
Cooper, Olivia R.
Gottumukkala, Rashmi
Greene, Jenny E.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Khullar, Gourav
Labbe, Ivo
Leja, Joel
Maseda, Michael V.
Matthee, Jorryt
Miller, Tim B.
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Suess, Katherine A.
Wang, Bingjie
Whitaker, Katherine E.
Williams, Christina C.
author_facet Zhang, Yunchong
de Graaff, Anna
Setton, David J.
Price, Sedona H.
Bezanson, Rachel
Lagos, Claudia del P.
Cutler, Sam E.
McConachie, Ian
Cleri, Nikko J.
Cooper, Olivia R.
Gottumukkala, Rashmi
Greene, Jenny E.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Khullar, Gourav
Labbe, Ivo
Leja, Joel
Maseda, Michael V.
Matthee, Jorryt
Miller, Tim B.
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Suess, Katherine A.
Wang, Bingjie
Whitaker, Katherine E.
Williams, Christina C.
contents We present the number density of massive ($ \mathrm{ log (M_{*}/M_{\odot}) > 10.3} $) quiescent galaxies at $2<z<5$ using JWST NIRSpec PRISM spectra. This work relies on spectra from RUBIES, which provides excellent data quality and an unparalleled, well-defined targeting strategy to robustly infer physical properties and number densities. We identify quiescent galaxy candidates within RUBIES through principal component analysis and construct a final sample using star formation histories derived from spectro-photometric fitting of the NIRSpec PRISM spectra and NIRCam photometry. By inverting the RUBIES selection function, we correct for survey incompleteness and calculate the number density of massive quiescent galaxies at these redshifts, providing the most complete spectroscopic estimates prior to cosmic noon to date. We find that early massive quiescent galaxies are surprisingly common ($\gtrsim 10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ by $4<z<5$), which is consistent with previous studies based on JWST photometry alone and/or in smaller survey areas. We compare our number densities with predictions from six state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy formation simulations. At $z>3$, most simulations fail to produce enough massive quiescent galaxies, suggesting the treatment of feedback and/or the channels for early efficient formation are incomplete in most galaxy evolution models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_08577
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle RUBIES spectroscopically confirms the high number density of quiescent galaxies from $\mathbf{2<z<5}$
Zhang, Yunchong
de Graaff, Anna
Setton, David J.
Price, Sedona H.
Bezanson, Rachel
Lagos, Claudia del P.
Cutler, Sam E.
McConachie, Ian
Cleri, Nikko J.
Cooper, Olivia R.
Gottumukkala, Rashmi
Greene, Jenny E.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Khullar, Gourav
Labbe, Ivo
Leja, Joel
Maseda, Michael V.
Matthee, Jorryt
Miller, Tim B.
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Suess, Katherine A.
Wang, Bingjie
Whitaker, Katherine E.
Williams, Christina C.
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We present the number density of massive ($ \mathrm{ log (M_{*}/M_{\odot}) > 10.3} $) quiescent galaxies at $2<z<5$ using JWST NIRSpec PRISM spectra. This work relies on spectra from RUBIES, which provides excellent data quality and an unparalleled, well-defined targeting strategy to robustly infer physical properties and number densities. We identify quiescent galaxy candidates within RUBIES through principal component analysis and construct a final sample using star formation histories derived from spectro-photometric fitting of the NIRSpec PRISM spectra and NIRCam photometry. By inverting the RUBIES selection function, we correct for survey incompleteness and calculate the number density of massive quiescent galaxies at these redshifts, providing the most complete spectroscopic estimates prior to cosmic noon to date. We find that early massive quiescent galaxies are surprisingly common ($\gtrsim 10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ by $4<z<5$), which is consistent with previous studies based on JWST photometry alone and/or in smaller survey areas. We compare our number densities with predictions from six state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy formation simulations. At $z>3$, most simulations fail to produce enough massive quiescent galaxies, suggesting the treatment of feedback and/or the channels for early efficient formation are incomplete in most galaxy evolution models.
title RUBIES spectroscopically confirms the high number density of quiescent galaxies from $\mathbf{2<z<5}$
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08577