Dead Zone of Accountability: Why Social Claims in Machine Learning Research Should Be Articulated and Defended

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Hauptverfasser: Kou, Tianqi, Calacci, Dana, Lin, Cindy
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Kou, Tianqi
Calacci, Dana
Lin, Cindy
author_facet Kou, Tianqi
Calacci, Dana
Lin, Cindy
contents Many Machine Learning research studies use language that describes potential social benefits or technical affordances of new methods and technologies. Such language, which we call "social claims", can help garner substantial resources and influence for those involved in ML research and technology production. However, there exists a gap between social claims and reality (the claim-reality gap): ML methods often fail to deliver the claimed functionality or social impacts. This paper investigates the claim-reality gap and makes a normative argument for developing accountability mechanisms for it. In making the argument, we make three contributions. First, we show why the symptom - absence of social claim accountability - is problematic. Second, we coin dead zone of accountability - a lens that scholars and practitioners can use to identify opportunities for new forms of accountability. We apply this lens to the claim-reality gap and provide a diagnosis by identifying cognitive and structural resistances to accountability in the claim-reality gap. Finally, we offer a prescription - two potential collaborative research agendas that can help create the condition for social claim accountability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_08739
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dead Zone of Accountability: Why Social Claims in Machine Learning Research Should Be Articulated and Defended
Kou, Tianqi
Calacci, Dana
Lin, Cindy
Computers and Society
Many Machine Learning research studies use language that describes potential social benefits or technical affordances of new methods and technologies. Such language, which we call "social claims", can help garner substantial resources and influence for those involved in ML research and technology production. However, there exists a gap between social claims and reality (the claim-reality gap): ML methods often fail to deliver the claimed functionality or social impacts. This paper investigates the claim-reality gap and makes a normative argument for developing accountability mechanisms for it. In making the argument, we make three contributions. First, we show why the symptom - absence of social claim accountability - is problematic. Second, we coin dead zone of accountability - a lens that scholars and practitioners can use to identify opportunities for new forms of accountability. We apply this lens to the claim-reality gap and provide a diagnosis by identifying cognitive and structural resistances to accountability in the claim-reality gap. Finally, we offer a prescription - two potential collaborative research agendas that can help create the condition for social claim accountability.
title Dead Zone of Accountability: Why Social Claims in Machine Learning Research Should Be Articulated and Defended
topic Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08739