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Main Authors: Blanton, Timothy, Dochtermann, Anton, Hong, Isabelle, Oh, SuHo, Zhan, Zhan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09720
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author Blanton, Timothy
Dochtermann, Anton
Hong, Isabelle
Oh, SuHo
Zhan, Zhan
author_facet Blanton, Timothy
Dochtermann, Anton
Hong, Isabelle
Oh, SuHo
Zhan, Zhan
contents For a connected graph $G$ with sink vertex $q$, a $G$-parking function is a vector of nonnegative integers whose entries are determined by cut-sets in $G$. Such objects also arise as the superstable configurations in the context of chip-firing. The set of all $G$-parking functions have various algebraic and combinatorial properties; for instance they relate to evaluations of the Tutte polynomial and in particular are counted by spanning trees of $G$. We extend these constructions to the setting of hypergraphs, where edges can have multiple vertices. For a hypergraph $H$ with sink $q$, we define $H$-parking functions in terms of cuts in $H$ and prove that the maximal such sequences are characterized by certain acyclic orientations of $H$. We introduce a notion of a $q$-rooted spanning tree for $H$, and prove that the set of all such objects are counted by $H$-parking functions. We also show how $H$-parking functions can be recovered as the superstable configurations in a version of chip-firing on $H$, where chips have a choice of where to go when fired. We prove that one can recover such configurations via chip-firing on a family of digraphs associated to $H$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_09720
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Parking functions and chip-firing on hypergraphs
Blanton, Timothy
Dochtermann, Anton
Hong, Isabelle
Oh, SuHo
Zhan, Zhan
Combinatorics
05A15, 05A19, 05C65
For a connected graph $G$ with sink vertex $q$, a $G$-parking function is a vector of nonnegative integers whose entries are determined by cut-sets in $G$. Such objects also arise as the superstable configurations in the context of chip-firing. The set of all $G$-parking functions have various algebraic and combinatorial properties; for instance they relate to evaluations of the Tutte polynomial and in particular are counted by spanning trees of $G$. We extend these constructions to the setting of hypergraphs, where edges can have multiple vertices. For a hypergraph $H$ with sink $q$, we define $H$-parking functions in terms of cuts in $H$ and prove that the maximal such sequences are characterized by certain acyclic orientations of $H$. We introduce a notion of a $q$-rooted spanning tree for $H$, and prove that the set of all such objects are counted by $H$-parking functions. We also show how $H$-parking functions can be recovered as the superstable configurations in a version of chip-firing on $H$, where chips have a choice of where to go when fired. We prove that one can recover such configurations via chip-firing on a family of digraphs associated to $H$.
title Parking functions and chip-firing on hypergraphs
topic Combinatorics
05A15, 05A19, 05C65
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09720