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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Zhang, Chenliang, Wang, Lin, Lu, Yuanyuan, Qi, Yusheng, Wang, Kexin, Hou, Peixu, Chen, Wenshi
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10337
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Aligning Frozen LLMs by Reinforcement Learning: An Iterative Reweight-then-Optimize Approach
by: Zhang, Xinnan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Reinforcement Learning for Control with Probabilistic Stability Guarantee: A Finite-Sample Approach
by: Han, Minghao, et al.
Published: (2026)

W-RAG: Weakly Supervised Dense Retrieval in RAG for Open-domain Question Answering
by: Nian, Jinming, et al.
Published: (2024)

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Swarm Confrontation with High Uncertainty
by: Wu, Qizhen, et al.
Published: (2024)

FinSage: A Multi-aspect RAG System for Financial Filings Question Answering
by: Wang, Xinyu, et al.
Published: (2025)

MedTrust-RAG: Evidence Verification and Trust Alignment for Biomedical Question Answering
by: Ning, Yingpeng, et al.
Published: (2025)

Rational Synthesizers or Heuristic Followers? Analyzing LLMs in RAG-based Question-Answering
by: Naphade, Atharv
Published: (2026)

GlobalRAG: Enhancing Global Reasoning in Multi-hop Question Answering via Reinforcement Learning
by: Luo, Jinchang, et al.
Published: (2025)

RadioRAG: Online Retrieval-augmented Generation for Radiology Question Answering
by: Arasteh, Soroosh Tayebi, et al.
Published: (2024)

Curriculum Abductive Learning
by: Hu, Wen-Chao, et al.
Published: (2025)

Augmenting Question Answering with A Hybrid RAG Approach
by: Yang, Tianyi, et al.
Published: (2026)

Deep Learning Approaches for Improving Question Answering Systems in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research
by: Huo, Shuning, et al.
Published: (2024)

Dynamic Adversarial Reinforcement Learning for Robust Multimodal Large Language Models
by: Bao, Yicheng, et al.
Published: (2026)

Probabilistic Curriculum Learning for Goal-Based Reinforcement Learning
by: Salt, Llewyn, et al.
Published: (2025)

EfficientRAG: Efficient Retriever for Multi-Hop Question Answering
by: Zhuang, Ziyuan, et al.
Published: (2024)

When Demonstrations Meet Generative World Models: A Maximum Likelihood Framework for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning
by: Zeng, Siliang, et al.
Published: (2023)

Kernel-Based Distributed Q-Learning: A Scalable Reinforcement Learning Approach for Dynamic Treatment Regimes
by: Wang, Di, et al.
Published: (2023)

Training Large Language Models for Reasoning through Reverse Curriculum Reinforcement Learning
by: Xi, Zhiheng, et al.
Published: (2024)

FHBench: Towards Efficient and Personalized Federated Learning for Multimodal Healthcare
by: Wang, Penghao, et al.
Published: (2025)

MM-PhyRLHF: Reinforcement Learning Framework for Multimodal Physics Question-Answering
by: Kapuriya, Janak, et al.
Published: (2024)

RAG-IGBench: Innovative Evaluation for RAG-based Interleaved Generation in Open-domain Question Answering
by: Zhang, Rongyang, et al.
Published: (2025)

MUST-RAG: MUSical Text Question Answering with Retrieval Augmented Generation
by: Kwon, Daeyong, et al.
Published: (2025)

Hardness-Aware Dynamic Curriculum Learning for Robust Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Missing Modalities
by: Liu, Rui, et al.
Published: (2025)

Multi-hop Question Answering under Temporal Knowledge Editing
by: Cheng, Keyuan, et al.
Published: (2024)

A$^2$Search: Ambiguity-Aware Question Answering with Reinforcement Learning
by: Zhang, Fengji, et al.
Published: (2025)

OntoRAG: Enhancing Question-Answering through Automated Ontology Derivation from Unstructured Knowledge Bases
by: Tiwari, Yash, et al.
Published: (2025)

Robust Driving Control for Autonomous Vehicles: An Intelligent General-sum Constrained Adversarial Reinforcement Learning Approach
by: Fan, Junchao, et al.
Published: (2025)

Human-Aware Robot Navigation via Reinforcement Learning with Hindsight Experience Replay and Curriculum Learning
by: Li, Keyu, et al.
Published: (2021)

Learning What Reinforcement Learning Can't: Interleaved Online Fine-Tuning for Hardest Questions
by: Ma, Lu, et al.
Published: (2025)

A Semantic-Sampling Framework for Evaluating Calibration in Open-Ended Question Answering
by: Wang, Zhanliang, et al.
Published: (2026)

Proximal Curriculum with Task Correlations for Deep Reinforcement Learning
by: Tzannetos, Georgios, et al.
Published: (2024)

Curriculum-RLAIF: Curriculum Alignment with Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback
by: Lin, Jiaye, et al.
Published: (2025)

Evaluation of RAG Metrics for Question Answering in the Telecom Domain
by: Roychowdhury, Sujoy, et al.
Published: (2024)

List Replicable Reinforcement Learning
by: Zhang, Bohan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Biomedical Entity Linking as Multiple Choice Question Answering
by: Lin, Zhenxi, et al.
Published: (2024)

HyperEyes: Dual-Grained Efficiency-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Parallel Multimodal Search Agents
by: Li, Guankai, et al.
Published: (2026)

RLBayes: a Bayesian Network Structure Learning Algorithm via Reinforcement Learning-Based Search Strategy
by: Wang, Mingcan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Private-RAG: Answering Multiple Queries with LLMs while Keeping Your Data Private
by: Wu, Ruihan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Reinforcement Learning with Curriculum-inspired Adaptive Direct Policy Guidance for Truck Dispatching
by: Meng, Shi, et al.
Published: (2025)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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