An Analysis of the Riemann Problem for a $2 \times 2$ System of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type Balance Laws With a Time-Dependent Source Term

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Main Authors: Culver, Josh, Ayres, Aubrey, Halloran, Evan, Lin, Ryan, Peng, Emily, Tsikkou, Charis
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Culver, Josh
Ayres, Aubrey
Halloran, Evan
Lin, Ryan
Peng, Emily
Tsikkou, Charis
author_facet Culver, Josh
Ayres, Aubrey
Halloran, Evan
Lin, Ryan
Peng, Emily
Tsikkou, Charis
contents We consider a system consisting of one conservation law and one balance law with a time-dependent source term, and provide a comprehensive analysis of Riemann solutions, including the non-classical overcompressive delta shocks. The minimal yet representative structure of the system captures essential features of transport under density constraints and, despite its simplicity, serves as a versatile prototype for crowd-limited transport processes across diverse contexts, including biological aggregation, ecological dispersal, granular compaction, and traffic congestion. In addition to non-self-similar solutions mentioned above, the associated Riemann problem admits solution structures that traverse vacuum states ($ρ= 0$) and the critical density threshold ($ρ= \barρ$), where mobility vanishes and characteristic speed degenerates. Moreover, the explicit time dependence in the source term leads to the breakdown of self-similarity, resulting in distinct Riemann solutions over successive time intervals and highlighting the dynamic nature of the solution landscape. The theoretical findings are numerically confirmed using the Local Lax-Friedrichs scheme.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_10347
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Analysis of the Riemann Problem for a $2 \times 2$ System of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type Balance Laws With a Time-Dependent Source Term
Culver, Josh
Ayres, Aubrey
Halloran, Evan
Lin, Ryan
Peng, Emily
Tsikkou, Charis
Analysis of PDEs
Mathematical Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Dynamical Systems
34A05, 34C37, 34C45, 34E15, 35L45, 35L65, 35L67, 35L80, 35Q92, 65M06, 74L10, 76A30
We consider a system consisting of one conservation law and one balance law with a time-dependent source term, and provide a comprehensive analysis of Riemann solutions, including the non-classical overcompressive delta shocks. The minimal yet representative structure of the system captures essential features of transport under density constraints and, despite its simplicity, serves as a versatile prototype for crowd-limited transport processes across diverse contexts, including biological aggregation, ecological dispersal, granular compaction, and traffic congestion. In addition to non-self-similar solutions mentioned above, the associated Riemann problem admits solution structures that traverse vacuum states ($ρ= 0$) and the critical density threshold ($ρ= \barρ$), where mobility vanishes and characteristic speed degenerates. Moreover, the explicit time dependence in the source term leads to the breakdown of self-similarity, resulting in distinct Riemann solutions over successive time intervals and highlighting the dynamic nature of the solution landscape. The theoretical findings are numerically confirmed using the Local Lax-Friedrichs scheme.
title An Analysis of the Riemann Problem for a $2 \times 2$ System of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type Balance Laws With a Time-Dependent Source Term
topic Analysis of PDEs
Mathematical Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Dynamical Systems
34A05, 34C37, 34C45, 34E15, 35L45, 35L65, 35L67, 35L80, 35Q92, 65M06, 74L10, 76A30
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10347