Privacy-Preserving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on High-Dimensional Data

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Yingfan, Zhang, Yandi, Xie, Jiadong, Li, Hui, Yu, Jeffrey Xu, Cui, Jiangtao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Liu, Yingfan
Zhang, Yandi
Xie, Jiadong
Li, Hui
Yu, Jeffrey Xu
Cui, Jiangtao
author_facet Liu, Yingfan
Zhang, Yandi
Xie, Jiadong
Li, Hui
Yu, Jeffrey Xu
Cui, Jiangtao
contents In the era of cloud computing and AI, data owners outsource ubiquitous vectors to the cloud, which furnish approximate $k$-nearest neighbors ($k$-ANNS) services to users. To protect data privacy against the untrusted server, privacy-preserving $k$-ANNS (PP-ANNS) on vectors has been a fundamental and urgent problem. However, existing PP-ANNS solutions fall short of meeting the requirements of data privacy, efficiency, accuracy, and minimal user involvement concurrently. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a novel solution that primarily executes PP-ANNS on a single cloud server to avoid the heavy communication overhead between the cloud and the user. To ensure data privacy, we introduce a novel encryption method named distance comparison encryption, facilitating secure, efficient, and exact distance comparisons. To optimize the trade-off between data privacy and search performance, we design a privacy-preserving index that combines the state-of-the-art $k$-ANNS method with an approximate distance computation method. Then, we devise a search method using a filter-and-refine strategy based on the index. Moreover, we provide the security analysis of our solution and conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate its superiority over existing solutions. Based on our experimental results, our method accelerates PP-ANNS by up to 3 orders of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art methods, while not compromising the accuracy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_10373
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Privacy-Preserving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on High-Dimensional Data
Liu, Yingfan
Zhang, Yandi
Xie, Jiadong
Li, Hui
Yu, Jeffrey Xu
Cui, Jiangtao
Databases
In the era of cloud computing and AI, data owners outsource ubiquitous vectors to the cloud, which furnish approximate $k$-nearest neighbors ($k$-ANNS) services to users. To protect data privacy against the untrusted server, privacy-preserving $k$-ANNS (PP-ANNS) on vectors has been a fundamental and urgent problem. However, existing PP-ANNS solutions fall short of meeting the requirements of data privacy, efficiency, accuracy, and minimal user involvement concurrently. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a novel solution that primarily executes PP-ANNS on a single cloud server to avoid the heavy communication overhead between the cloud and the user. To ensure data privacy, we introduce a novel encryption method named distance comparison encryption, facilitating secure, efficient, and exact distance comparisons. To optimize the trade-off between data privacy and search performance, we design a privacy-preserving index that combines the state-of-the-art $k$-ANNS method with an approximate distance computation method. Then, we devise a search method using a filter-and-refine strategy based on the index. Moreover, we provide the security analysis of our solution and conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate its superiority over existing solutions. Based on our experimental results, our method accelerates PP-ANNS by up to 3 orders of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art methods, while not compromising the accuracy.
title Privacy-Preserving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on High-Dimensional Data
topic Databases
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10373