EDAPT: Towards Calibration-Free BCIs with Continual Online Adaptation

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haxel, Lisa, Kapoor, Jaivardhan, Ziemann, Ulf, Macke, Jakob H.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866918125040041984
author Haxel, Lisa
Kapoor, Jaivardhan
Ziemann, Ulf
Macke, Jakob H.
author_facet Haxel, Lisa
Kapoor, Jaivardhan
Ziemann, Ulf
Macke, Jakob H.
contents Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) suffer from accuracy degradation as neural signals drift over time and vary across users, requiring frequent recalibration that limits practical deployment. We introduce EDAPT, a task- and model-agnostic framework that eliminates calibration through continual model adaptation. EDAPT first trains a baseline decoder using data from multiple users, then continually personalizes this model via supervised finetuning as the neural patterns evolve during use. We tested EDAPT across nine datasets covering three BCI tasks, and found that it consistently improved accuracy over conventional, static methods. These improvements primarily stem from combining population-level pretraining and online continual finetuning, with unsupervised domain adaptation providing further gains on some datasets. EDAPT runs efficiently, updating models within 200 milliseconds on consumer-grade hardware. Finally, decoding accuracy scales with total data budget rather than its allocation between subjects and trials. EDAPT provides a practical pathway toward calibration-free BCIs, reducing a major barrier to BCI deployment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_10474
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle EDAPT: Towards Calibration-Free BCIs with Continual Online Adaptation
Haxel, Lisa
Kapoor, Jaivardhan
Ziemann, Ulf
Macke, Jakob H.
Machine Learning
Human-Computer Interaction
Neurons and Cognition
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) suffer from accuracy degradation as neural signals drift over time and vary across users, requiring frequent recalibration that limits practical deployment. We introduce EDAPT, a task- and model-agnostic framework that eliminates calibration through continual model adaptation. EDAPT first trains a baseline decoder using data from multiple users, then continually personalizes this model via supervised finetuning as the neural patterns evolve during use. We tested EDAPT across nine datasets covering three BCI tasks, and found that it consistently improved accuracy over conventional, static methods. These improvements primarily stem from combining population-level pretraining and online continual finetuning, with unsupervised domain adaptation providing further gains on some datasets. EDAPT runs efficiently, updating models within 200 milliseconds on consumer-grade hardware. Finally, decoding accuracy scales with total data budget rather than its allocation between subjects and trials. EDAPT provides a practical pathway toward calibration-free BCIs, reducing a major barrier to BCI deployment.
title EDAPT: Towards Calibration-Free BCIs with Continual Online Adaptation
topic Machine Learning
Human-Computer Interaction
Neurons and Cognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10474