RAG for Geoscience: What We Expect, Gaps and Opportunities

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yu, Runlong, Luo, Shiyuan, Ghosh, Rahul, Li, Lingyao, Xie, Yiqun, Jia, Xiaowei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yu, Runlong
Luo, Shiyuan
Ghosh, Rahul
Li, Lingyao
Xie, Yiqun
Jia, Xiaowei
author_facet Yu, Runlong
Luo, Shiyuan
Ghosh, Rahul
Li, Lingyao
Xie, Yiqun
Jia, Xiaowei
contents Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by combining retrieval with generation. However, its current workflow remains largely text-centric, limiting its applicability in geoscience. Many geoscientific tasks are inherently evidence-hungry. Typical examples involve imputing missing observations using analog scenes, retrieving equations and parameters to calibrate models, geolocating field photos based on visual cues, or surfacing historical case studies to support policy analyses. A simple ``retrieve-then-generate'' pipeline is insufficient for these needs. We envision Geo-RAG, a next-generation paradigm that reimagines RAG as a modular retrieve $\rightarrow$ reason $\rightarrow$ generate $\rightarrow$ verify loop. Geo-RAG supports four core capabilities: (i) retrieval of multi-modal Earth data; (ii) reasoning under physical and domain constraints; (iii) generation of science-grade artifacts; and (iv) verification of generated hypotheses against numerical models, ground measurements, and expert assessments. This shift opens new opportunities for more trustworthy and transparent geoscience workflows.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_11246
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle RAG for Geoscience: What We Expect, Gaps and Opportunities
Yu, Runlong
Luo, Shiyuan
Ghosh, Rahul
Li, Lingyao
Xie, Yiqun
Jia, Xiaowei
Emerging Technologies
Information Retrieval
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by combining retrieval with generation. However, its current workflow remains largely text-centric, limiting its applicability in geoscience. Many geoscientific tasks are inherently evidence-hungry. Typical examples involve imputing missing observations using analog scenes, retrieving equations and parameters to calibrate models, geolocating field photos based on visual cues, or surfacing historical case studies to support policy analyses. A simple ``retrieve-then-generate'' pipeline is insufficient for these needs. We envision Geo-RAG, a next-generation paradigm that reimagines RAG as a modular retrieve $\rightarrow$ reason $\rightarrow$ generate $\rightarrow$ verify loop. Geo-RAG supports four core capabilities: (i) retrieval of multi-modal Earth data; (ii) reasoning under physical and domain constraints; (iii) generation of science-grade artifacts; and (iv) verification of generated hypotheses against numerical models, ground measurements, and expert assessments. This shift opens new opportunities for more trustworthy and transparent geoscience workflows.
title RAG for Geoscience: What We Expect, Gaps and Opportunities
topic Emerging Technologies
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11246