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Autori principali: Hendrey, Kevin, Wood, David R., Yip, Jung Hon
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11402
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author Hendrey, Kevin
Wood, David R.
Yip, Jung Hon
author_facet Hendrey, Kevin
Wood, David R.
Yip, Jung Hon
contents We study embeddings of graphs with bounded treewidth or bounded simple treewidth into the undirected graph underlying the directed product of two directed graphs. If the factors have bounded maximum indegrees, then the product graph has bounded maximum indegree and therefore is sparse. We prove that every graph of simple treewidth $k$ is contained in (ignoring edge directions) the directed product of directed graphs $\vec H_1$ and $\vec H_2$, with $Δ^-(\vec H_1), Δ^-(\vec H_2) \leq k-1 $ and $\text{tw}(H_1), \text{tw}(H_2) \leq k-1$. Further, we show that this treewidth bound is best possible. Several corollaries follow from our results: every outerplanar graph is contained in the directed product of trees with maximum indegree $1$, and every planar graph with treewidth $3$ is contained in a directed product of graphs with treewidth $2$ and maximum indegree $2$. However, for graphs of treewidth $k$, we prove a negative result: for any integers $s, t, k \geq 1$, there is a graph $G$ with treewidth $k$ not contained in the directed product of $\vec H_1$ and $\vec H_2$ for any directed graphs $\vec H_1$ and $\vec H_2$ with $Δ^-(\vec H_1) \leq s$, $Δ^-(\vec H_2) \leq t$, and $\text{tw}(H_1), \text{tw}(H_2) \leq k-1$. This result stands in stark contrast to the strong product case, where Liu, Norin and Wood [arXiv:2410.20333] proved that the optimal lower bound on the factors is about half the treewidth.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_11402
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Embedding Graphs of Simple Treewidth into Sparse Products
Hendrey, Kevin
Wood, David R.
Yip, Jung Hon
Combinatorics
68R10 (Primary), 05C76 (Secondary)
We study embeddings of graphs with bounded treewidth or bounded simple treewidth into the undirected graph underlying the directed product of two directed graphs. If the factors have bounded maximum indegrees, then the product graph has bounded maximum indegree and therefore is sparse. We prove that every graph of simple treewidth $k$ is contained in (ignoring edge directions) the directed product of directed graphs $\vec H_1$ and $\vec H_2$, with $Δ^-(\vec H_1), Δ^-(\vec H_2) \leq k-1 $ and $\text{tw}(H_1), \text{tw}(H_2) \leq k-1$. Further, we show that this treewidth bound is best possible. Several corollaries follow from our results: every outerplanar graph is contained in the directed product of trees with maximum indegree $1$, and every planar graph with treewidth $3$ is contained in a directed product of graphs with treewidth $2$ and maximum indegree $2$. However, for graphs of treewidth $k$, we prove a negative result: for any integers $s, t, k \geq 1$, there is a graph $G$ with treewidth $k$ not contained in the directed product of $\vec H_1$ and $\vec H_2$ for any directed graphs $\vec H_1$ and $\vec H_2$ with $Δ^-(\vec H_1) \leq s$, $Δ^-(\vec H_2) \leq t$, and $\text{tw}(H_1), \text{tw}(H_2) \leq k-1$. This result stands in stark contrast to the strong product case, where Liu, Norin and Wood [arXiv:2410.20333] proved that the optimal lower bound on the factors is about half the treewidth.
title Embedding Graphs of Simple Treewidth into Sparse Products
topic Combinatorics
68R10 (Primary), 05C76 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11402