SN 2021aaev: a Hydrogen-Rich Superluminous Supernova with Early Flash and Long-Lived Circumstellar Interaction in an Unusual Host Environment
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Hu, Yang Lunnan, Ragnhild Pessi, Priscila J. Saldana-Lopez, Alberto Jerkstrand, Anders Sollerman, Jesper Schulze, Steve Anderson, Joseph P. Brennan, Seán J. Cosentino, Stefano P. Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Gkini, Anamaria Gromadzki, Mariusz Hayes, Matthew J. Inserra, Cosimo Müller-Bravo, Tomás E. Nicholl, Matt Pignata, Giuliano Singh, Avinash Wise, Jacob L. Yan, Lin Adler, Judy Chen, Ting-Wan Chen, Tracy X. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Pessi, Thallis Salmaso, Irene Young, David R. |
| author_facet | Hu, Yang Lunnan, Ragnhild Pessi, Priscila J. Saldana-Lopez, Alberto Jerkstrand, Anders Sollerman, Jesper Schulze, Steve Anderson, Joseph P. Brennan, Seán J. Cosentino, Stefano P. Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Gkini, Anamaria Gromadzki, Mariusz Hayes, Matthew J. Inserra, Cosimo Müller-Bravo, Tomás E. Nicholl, Matt Pignata, Giuliano Singh, Avinash Wise, Jacob L. Yan, Lin Adler, Judy Chen, Ting-Wan Chen, Tracy X. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Pessi, Thallis Salmaso, Irene Young, David R. |
| contents | We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN\,2021aaev, a hydrogen-rich, superluminous supernova with persistent (at least $\sim100$ days) narrow Balmer lines (SLSN-IIn) at redshift $z=0.1557$. We observed SN\,2021aaev to rise in $32.5 \pm 1.0$ days since first light and reach a peak absolute magnitude of $-21.46 \pm 0.01$ in the ATLAS $o$ band. The pre-peak spectra resemble those of typical SNe IIn with flash-ionization features arising from the interaction with a dense, confined circumstellar medium (CSM), albeit the flash timescale is longer than usual ($>20$ days). Post peak, the narrow emission lines evolve slowly, and the absence of ejecta features indicates strong deceleration by the CSM. The total radiated energy (about $1.41\times10^{51}$~ergs) is possible with a low-mass (1--$2\,M_{\odot}$) ejecta ploughing into a massive (9--$19\,M_{\odot}$), extended (outer radius $>1\times10^{16}$~cm) H-rich CSM, or alternatively, with magnetar-powered models. Interestingly, the host environment consists of a spiral galaxy with a red substructure in the south-eastern part, and the SN's exact location coincided with the quiescent red substructure (star-formation rate$=0.02^{+0.13}_{-0.02}\,M_{\odot}$~yr$^{-1}$). Given the atypical environment and the obscuring effect of the massive CSM, a thermonuclear (Type Ia-CSM) origin cannot be ruled out. Altogether, SN\,2021aaev is a compelling case to study the diversity of SLSN-IIn features and their host environment. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_11559 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | SN 2021aaev: a Hydrogen-Rich Superluminous Supernova with Early Flash and Long-Lived Circumstellar Interaction in an Unusual Host Environment Hu, Yang Lunnan, Ragnhild Pessi, Priscila J. Saldana-Lopez, Alberto Jerkstrand, Anders Sollerman, Jesper Schulze, Steve Anderson, Joseph P. Brennan, Seán J. Cosentino, Stefano P. Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Gkini, Anamaria Gromadzki, Mariusz Hayes, Matthew J. Inserra, Cosimo Müller-Bravo, Tomás E. Nicholl, Matt Pignata, Giuliano Singh, Avinash Wise, Jacob L. Yan, Lin Adler, Judy Chen, Ting-Wan Chen, Tracy X. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Pessi, Thallis Salmaso, Irene Young, David R. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN\,2021aaev, a hydrogen-rich, superluminous supernova with persistent (at least $\sim100$ days) narrow Balmer lines (SLSN-IIn) at redshift $z=0.1557$. We observed SN\,2021aaev to rise in $32.5 \pm 1.0$ days since first light and reach a peak absolute magnitude of $-21.46 \pm 0.01$ in the ATLAS $o$ band. The pre-peak spectra resemble those of typical SNe IIn with flash-ionization features arising from the interaction with a dense, confined circumstellar medium (CSM), albeit the flash timescale is longer than usual ($>20$ days). Post peak, the narrow emission lines evolve slowly, and the absence of ejecta features indicates strong deceleration by the CSM. The total radiated energy (about $1.41\times10^{51}$~ergs) is possible with a low-mass (1--$2\,M_{\odot}$) ejecta ploughing into a massive (9--$19\,M_{\odot}$), extended (outer radius $>1\times10^{16}$~cm) H-rich CSM, or alternatively, with magnetar-powered models. Interestingly, the host environment consists of a spiral galaxy with a red substructure in the south-eastern part, and the SN's exact location coincided with the quiescent red substructure (star-formation rate$=0.02^{+0.13}_{-0.02}\,M_{\odot}$~yr$^{-1}$). Given the atypical environment and the obscuring effect of the massive CSM, a thermonuclear (Type Ia-CSM) origin cannot be ruled out. Altogether, SN\,2021aaev is a compelling case to study the diversity of SLSN-IIn features and their host environment. |
| title | SN 2021aaev: a Hydrogen-Rich Superluminous Supernova with Early Flash and Long-Lived Circumstellar Interaction in an Unusual Host Environment |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11559 |