RadarQA: Multi-modal Quality Analysis of Weather Radar Forecasts
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | He, Xuming You, Zhiyuan Gong, Junchao Liu, Couhua Yue, Xiaoyu Zhuang, Peiqin Zhang, Wenlong Bai, Lei |
| author_facet | He, Xuming You, Zhiyuan Gong, Junchao Liu, Couhua Yue, Xiaoyu Zhuang, Peiqin Zhang, Wenlong Bai, Lei |
| contents | Quality analysis of weather forecasts is an essential topic in meteorology. Although traditional score-based evaluation metrics can quantify certain forecast errors, they are still far from meteorological experts in terms of descriptive capability, interpretability, and understanding of dynamic evolution. With the rapid development of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), these models become potential tools to overcome the above challenges. In this work, we introduce an MLLM-based weather forecast analysis method, RadarQA, integrating key physical attributes with detailed assessment reports. We introduce a novel and comprehensive task paradigm for multi-modal quality analysis, encompassing both single frame and sequence, under both rating and assessment scenarios. To support training and benchmarking, we design a hybrid annotation pipeline that combines human expert labeling with automated heuristics. With such an annotation method, we construct RQA-70K, a large-scale dataset with varying difficulty levels for radar forecast quality evaluation. We further design a multi-stage training strategy that iteratively improves model performance at each stage. Extensive experiments show that RadarQA outperforms existing general MLLMs across all evaluation settings, highlighting its potential for advancing quality analysis in weather prediction. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_12291 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | RadarQA: Multi-modal Quality Analysis of Weather Radar Forecasts He, Xuming You, Zhiyuan Gong, Junchao Liu, Couhua Yue, Xiaoyu Zhuang, Peiqin Zhang, Wenlong Bai, Lei Artificial Intelligence Quality analysis of weather forecasts is an essential topic in meteorology. Although traditional score-based evaluation metrics can quantify certain forecast errors, they are still far from meteorological experts in terms of descriptive capability, interpretability, and understanding of dynamic evolution. With the rapid development of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), these models become potential tools to overcome the above challenges. In this work, we introduce an MLLM-based weather forecast analysis method, RadarQA, integrating key physical attributes with detailed assessment reports. We introduce a novel and comprehensive task paradigm for multi-modal quality analysis, encompassing both single frame and sequence, under both rating and assessment scenarios. To support training and benchmarking, we design a hybrid annotation pipeline that combines human expert labeling with automated heuristics. With such an annotation method, we construct RQA-70K, a large-scale dataset with varying difficulty levels for radar forecast quality evaluation. We further design a multi-stage training strategy that iteratively improves model performance at each stage. Extensive experiments show that RadarQA outperforms existing general MLLMs across all evaluation settings, highlighting its potential for advancing quality analysis in weather prediction. |
| title | RadarQA: Multi-modal Quality Analysis of Weather Radar Forecasts |
| topic | Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12291 |