Unfolded Laplacian Spectral Embedding: A Theoretically Grounded Approach to Dynamic Network Representation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ezoe, Haruka, Matsumoto, Hiroki, Hisano, Ryohei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Ezoe, Haruka
Matsumoto, Hiroki
Hisano, Ryohei
author_facet Ezoe, Haruka
Matsumoto, Hiroki
Hisano, Ryohei
contents Dynamic relational data arise in many machine learning applications, yet their evolving structure poses challenges for learning representations that remain consistent and interpretable over time. A common approach is to learn time varying node embeddings, whose usefulness depends on well defined stability properties across nodes and across time. We introduce Unfolded Laplacian Spectral Embedding (ULSE), a principled extension of unfolded adjacency spectral embedding to normalized Laplacian operators, a setting where stability guarantees have remained out of reach. We prove that ULSE satisfies both cross-sectional and longitudinal stability under a dynamic stochastic block model. Moreover, the Laplacian formulation yields a dynamic Cheeger-type inequality linking the spectrum of the unfolded normalized Laplacian to worst case conductance over time, providing structural insight into the embeddings. Empirical results on synthetic and real world dynamic networks validate the theory.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_12674
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unfolded Laplacian Spectral Embedding: A Theoretically Grounded Approach to Dynamic Network Representation
Ezoe, Haruka
Matsumoto, Hiroki
Hisano, Ryohei
Machine Learning
Social and Information Networks
Dynamic relational data arise in many machine learning applications, yet their evolving structure poses challenges for learning representations that remain consistent and interpretable over time. A common approach is to learn time varying node embeddings, whose usefulness depends on well defined stability properties across nodes and across time. We introduce Unfolded Laplacian Spectral Embedding (ULSE), a principled extension of unfolded adjacency spectral embedding to normalized Laplacian operators, a setting where stability guarantees have remained out of reach. We prove that ULSE satisfies both cross-sectional and longitudinal stability under a dynamic stochastic block model. Moreover, the Laplacian formulation yields a dynamic Cheeger-type inequality linking the spectrum of the unfolded normalized Laplacian to worst case conductance over time, providing structural insight into the embeddings. Empirical results on synthetic and real world dynamic networks validate the theory.
title Unfolded Laplacian Spectral Embedding: A Theoretically Grounded Approach to Dynamic Network Representation
topic Machine Learning
Social and Information Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12674