Quantum spacetime from constraints: wave equations and fields

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Favalli, Tommaso
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Favalli, Tommaso
author_facet Favalli, Tommaso
contents In previous works, we showed that both time and space can emerge from entanglement within a globally constrained quantum Universe, with no background coordinates. By extending the Page and Wootters quantum time formalism to include both quantum clocks and rods, and imposing global constraints on total energy and momentum, we constructed a fully relational model of quantum spacetime. Here we take a further step: working in 1+1 dimensions, we show that the standard wave equations governing quantum particles (the Schrödinger, Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations) emerge naturally from this framework. The solutions of the equations are derived directly from the constraints, without assuming any external spacetime structure. The second quantization formalism is also implemented and discussed. Our results provide further support for the idea that quantum dynamics in spacetime may emerge from entanglement and constraints.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_12698
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum spacetime from constraints: wave equations and fields
Favalli, Tommaso
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Quantum Physics
In previous works, we showed that both time and space can emerge from entanglement within a globally constrained quantum Universe, with no background coordinates. By extending the Page and Wootters quantum time formalism to include both quantum clocks and rods, and imposing global constraints on total energy and momentum, we constructed a fully relational model of quantum spacetime. Here we take a further step: working in 1+1 dimensions, we show that the standard wave equations governing quantum particles (the Schrödinger, Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations) emerge naturally from this framework. The solutions of the equations are derived directly from the constraints, without assuming any external spacetime structure. The second quantization formalism is also implemented and discussed. Our results provide further support for the idea that quantum dynamics in spacetime may emerge from entanglement and constraints.
title Quantum spacetime from constraints: wave equations and fields
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12698