Real-time bubble nucleation and growth for false vacuum decay on the lattice
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909743102033920 |
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| author | Maertens, Daan Haegeman, Jutho Van Acoleyen, Karel |
| author_facet | Maertens, Daan Haegeman, Jutho Van Acoleyen, Karel |
| contents | We revisit quantum false vacuum decay for the one-dimensional Ising model, focusing on the real-time nucleation and growth of true vacuum bubbles. Via matrix product state simulations, we demonstrate that for a wide range of parameters, the full time-dependent quantum state is well described by a Gaussian ansatz in terms of domain wall operators, with the associated vacuum bubble wave function evolving according to the linearized time-dependent variational principle. The emerging picture shows three different stages of evolution: an initial nucleation of small bubbles, followed by semi-classical bubble growth, which in turn is halted by the lattice phenomenon of Bloch oscillations. Furthermore, we find that the resonant bubble only plays a significant role in a certain region of parameter-space. However, when significant, it does lead to an approximately constant decay rate during the intermediate stage. Moreover, this rate is in quantitative agreement with the analytical result of Rutkevich (Phys. Rev. B 60, 14525) for which we provide an independent derivation based on the Gaussian ansatz. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_13645 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Real-time bubble nucleation and growth for false vacuum decay on the lattice Maertens, Daan Haegeman, Jutho Van Acoleyen, Karel Statistical Mechanics Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory Quantum Physics We revisit quantum false vacuum decay for the one-dimensional Ising model, focusing on the real-time nucleation and growth of true vacuum bubbles. Via matrix product state simulations, we demonstrate that for a wide range of parameters, the full time-dependent quantum state is well described by a Gaussian ansatz in terms of domain wall operators, with the associated vacuum bubble wave function evolving according to the linearized time-dependent variational principle. The emerging picture shows three different stages of evolution: an initial nucleation of small bubbles, followed by semi-classical bubble growth, which in turn is halted by the lattice phenomenon of Bloch oscillations. Furthermore, we find that the resonant bubble only plays a significant role in a certain region of parameter-space. However, when significant, it does lead to an approximately constant decay rate during the intermediate stage. Moreover, this rate is in quantitative agreement with the analytical result of Rutkevich (Phys. Rev. B 60, 14525) for which we provide an independent derivation based on the Gaussian ansatz. |
| title | Real-time bubble nucleation and growth for false vacuum decay on the lattice |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13645 |