Depth-Breadth Synergy in RLVR: Unlocking LLM Reasoning Gains with Adaptive Exploration

Fuente: arXiv
Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser: Yang, Zhicheng, Guo, Zhijiang, Huang, Yinya, Wang, Yongxin, Xie, Dongchun, Li, Hanhui, Wang, Yiwei, Liang, Xiaodan, Tang, Jing
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
_version_ 1866911585662926848
author Yang, Zhicheng
Guo, Zhijiang
Huang, Yinya
Wang, Yongxin
Xie, Dongchun
Li, Hanhui
Wang, Yiwei
Liang, Xiaodan
Tang, Jing
author_facet Yang, Zhicheng
Guo, Zhijiang
Huang, Yinya
Wang, Yongxin
Xie, Dongchun
Li, Hanhui
Wang, Yiwei
Liang, Xiaodan
Tang, Jing
contents Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) is a powerful method for enhancing the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models, but its full potential is limited by a lack of exploration in two key areas: Depth (the difficulty of problems) and Breadth (the number of training instances). Our analysis of the popular GRPO algorithm reveals a bias that down-weights difficult, low-accuracy problems, which are crucial for improving reasoning skills. To address this, we introduce Difficulty Adaptive Rollout Sampling (DARS), a method that re-weights difficult problems by using targeted, multi-stage rollouts. DARS increases the number of rollout outcomes for these harder problems according to our proposed re-balancing schedules and leads to consistent gains in Pass@K. We discovered that increasing rollout size alone does not improve performance and may actually impair it. In contrast, scaling the batch size to increase breadth via full-batch updates significantly boosted Pass@1 metrics. This improvement stems from higher token-level entropy, ensuring robust exploration and minimized gradient noise. We further present DARS-Breadth, a combined approach that uses DARS with a large breadth of training data. This method demonstrates simultaneous gains in both Pass@K and Pass@1, confirming that depth (adaptive exploration) and breadth (scaling iteration instances) are orthogonal and complementary dimensions for unlocking the full power of RLVR.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_13755
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Depth-Breadth Synergy in RLVR: Unlocking LLM Reasoning Gains with Adaptive Exploration
Yang, Zhicheng
Guo, Zhijiang
Huang, Yinya
Wang, Yongxin
Xie, Dongchun
Li, Hanhui
Wang, Yiwei
Liang, Xiaodan
Tang, Jing
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) is a powerful method for enhancing the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models, but its full potential is limited by a lack of exploration in two key areas: Depth (the difficulty of problems) and Breadth (the number of training instances). Our analysis of the popular GRPO algorithm reveals a bias that down-weights difficult, low-accuracy problems, which are crucial for improving reasoning skills. To address this, we introduce Difficulty Adaptive Rollout Sampling (DARS), a method that re-weights difficult problems by using targeted, multi-stage rollouts. DARS increases the number of rollout outcomes for these harder problems according to our proposed re-balancing schedules and leads to consistent gains in Pass@K. We discovered that increasing rollout size alone does not improve performance and may actually impair it. In contrast, scaling the batch size to increase breadth via full-batch updates significantly boosted Pass@1 metrics. This improvement stems from higher token-level entropy, ensuring robust exploration and minimized gradient noise. We further present DARS-Breadth, a combined approach that uses DARS with a large breadth of training data. This method demonstrates simultaneous gains in both Pass@K and Pass@1, confirming that depth (adaptive exploration) and breadth (scaling iteration instances) are orthogonal and complementary dimensions for unlocking the full power of RLVR.
title Depth-Breadth Synergy in RLVR: Unlocking LLM Reasoning Gains with Adaptive Exploration
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13755