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Main Authors: Boutaj, Sofiène, Scalbert, Marin, Marza, Pierre, Couzinie-Devy, Florent, Vakalopoulou, Maria, Christodoulidis, Stergios
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14588
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author Boutaj, Sofiène
Scalbert, Marin
Marza, Pierre
Couzinie-Devy, Florent
Vakalopoulou, Maria
Christodoulidis, Stergios
author_facet Boutaj, Sofiène
Scalbert, Marin
Marza, Pierre
Couzinie-Devy, Florent
Vakalopoulou, Maria
Christodoulidis, Stergios
contents Whole slide image (WSI) analysis in digital pathology presents unique challenges due to the gigapixel resolution of WSIs and the scarcity of dense supervision signals. While Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a natural fit for slide-level tasks, training robust models requires large and diverse datasets. Even though image augmentation techniques could be utilized to increase data variability and reduce overfitting, implementing them effectively is not a trivial task. Traditional patch-level augmentation is prohibitively expensive due to the large number of patches extracted from each WSI, and existing feature-level augmentation methods lack control over transformation semantics. We introduce HistAug, a fast and efficient generative model for controllable augmentations in the latent space for digital pathology. By conditioning on explicit patch-level transformations (e.g., hue, erosion), HistAug generates realistic augmented embeddings while preserving initial semantic information. Our method allows the processing of a large number of patches in a single forward pass efficiently, while at the same time consistently improving MIL model performance. Experiments across multiple slide-level tasks and diverse organs show that HistAug outperforms existing methods, particularly in low-data regimes. Ablation studies confirm the benefits of learned transformations over noise-based perturbations and highlight the importance of uniform WSI-wise augmentation. Code is available at https://github.com/MICS-Lab/HistAug.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_14588
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Controllable Latent Space Augmentation for Digital Pathology
Boutaj, Sofiène
Scalbert, Marin
Marza, Pierre
Couzinie-Devy, Florent
Vakalopoulou, Maria
Christodoulidis, Stergios
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Whole slide image (WSI) analysis in digital pathology presents unique challenges due to the gigapixel resolution of WSIs and the scarcity of dense supervision signals. While Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a natural fit for slide-level tasks, training robust models requires large and diverse datasets. Even though image augmentation techniques could be utilized to increase data variability and reduce overfitting, implementing them effectively is not a trivial task. Traditional patch-level augmentation is prohibitively expensive due to the large number of patches extracted from each WSI, and existing feature-level augmentation methods lack control over transformation semantics. We introduce HistAug, a fast and efficient generative model for controllable augmentations in the latent space for digital pathology. By conditioning on explicit patch-level transformations (e.g., hue, erosion), HistAug generates realistic augmented embeddings while preserving initial semantic information. Our method allows the processing of a large number of patches in a single forward pass efficiently, while at the same time consistently improving MIL model performance. Experiments across multiple slide-level tasks and diverse organs show that HistAug outperforms existing methods, particularly in low-data regimes. Ablation studies confirm the benefits of learned transformations over noise-based perturbations and highlight the importance of uniform WSI-wise augmentation. Code is available at https://github.com/MICS-Lab/HistAug.
title Controllable Latent Space Augmentation for Digital Pathology
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14588