Universal winding properties of chiral active motion

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Santra, Ion, Basu, Urna, Sabhapandit, Sanjib
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Santra, Ion
Basu, Urna
Sabhapandit, Sanjib
author_facet Santra, Ion
Basu, Urna
Sabhapandit, Sanjib
contents We propose the area swept $A(t)$ and the winding angle $Ω(t)$ as the key observables to characterize chiral active motion. We find that the distributions of the scaled area and the scaled winding angle are described by universal scaling functions across all well-known models of active particles, parametrized by the chirality $ω$, along with a self-propulsion speed $v_0$, and the persistence time $τ$. In particular, we show that, at late times, the average winding angle grows logarithmically with time $\laΩ\ra\sim(ωτ/2)\,\ln t$, while the average area swept has a linear temporal growth $\la A(t)\ra\simeq(ωτD_{\text{eff}})\,t$, where $D_{\text{eff}}=v_0^2 τ/[2(1+ ω^2 τ^2)]$ is the effective diffusion coefficient. Moreover, we find that the distribution of the scaled area $z=[A-\la A\ra]/(2D_{\text{eff}}t)$ is described by the universal scaling function $F_{\text{ch}}(z)=\text{sech}(πz)$. From extensive numerical evidence, we conjecture the emergence of a new universal scaling function $G_{\text{ch}}(z)=\mathcal {N}/[e^{αz} + e^{-βz}]$ for the distribution of the scaled winding angle $z=Ω/[\ln t]$, where the parameters $α$ and $β$ are model-dependent and $\mathcal{N}$ is the normalization constant. In the absence of chirality, i.e., $ω=0$, the scaling function becomes $G_{\text{ch}}(z)=(α/π)\,\mathrm{sech}(αz)$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_14862
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Universal winding properties of chiral active motion
Santra, Ion
Basu, Urna
Sabhapandit, Sanjib
Statistical Mechanics
Soft Condensed Matter
We propose the area swept $A(t)$ and the winding angle $Ω(t)$ as the key observables to characterize chiral active motion. We find that the distributions of the scaled area and the scaled winding angle are described by universal scaling functions across all well-known models of active particles, parametrized by the chirality $ω$, along with a self-propulsion speed $v_0$, and the persistence time $τ$. In particular, we show that, at late times, the average winding angle grows logarithmically with time $\laΩ\ra\sim(ωτ/2)\,\ln t$, while the average area swept has a linear temporal growth $\la A(t)\ra\simeq(ωτD_{\text{eff}})\,t$, where $D_{\text{eff}}=v_0^2 τ/[2(1+ ω^2 τ^2)]$ is the effective diffusion coefficient. Moreover, we find that the distribution of the scaled area $z=[A-\la A\ra]/(2D_{\text{eff}}t)$ is described by the universal scaling function $F_{\text{ch}}(z)=\text{sech}(πz)$. From extensive numerical evidence, we conjecture the emergence of a new universal scaling function $G_{\text{ch}}(z)=\mathcal {N}/[e^{αz} + e^{-βz}]$ for the distribution of the scaled winding angle $z=Ω/[\ln t]$, where the parameters $α$ and $β$ are model-dependent and $\mathcal{N}$ is the normalization constant. In the absence of chirality, i.e., $ω=0$, the scaling function becomes $G_{\text{ch}}(z)=(α/π)\,\mathrm{sech}(αz)$.
title Universal winding properties of chiral active motion
topic Statistical Mechanics
Soft Condensed Matter
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14862