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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14883 |
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| _version_ | 1866915453081747456 |
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| author | Pittl, Benedikt Mach, Werner Schikuta, Erich |
| author_facet | Pittl, Benedikt Mach, Werner Schikuta, Erich |
| contents | In recent years, cloud providers have introduced novel approaches for trading virtual machines. For example, Virtustream introduced so-called muVMs to charge cloud computing resources while other providers such as Google, Microsoft, or Amazon re-invented their marketspaces. Today, the market leader Amazon runs six marketspaces for trading virtual machines. Consumers can purchase bundles of virtual machines, which are called cloud-portfolios, from multiple marketspaces and providers. An industry-relevant field of research is to identify best practices and guidelines on how such optimal portfolios are created. In the paper at hand, a cost analysis of cloud portfolios is presented. Therefore, pricing data from Amazon was used as well as a real virtual machine utilization dataset from the Bitbrains datacenter. The results show that a cost optimum can only be reached if heterogeneous portfolios are created where virtual machines are purchased from different marketspaces. Additionally, the cost-benefit of migrating virtual machines to different marketplaces during runtime is presented. Such migrations are especially cost-effective for virtual machines of cloud-portfolios which run between 6 hours and 1 year. The paper further shows that most of the resources of virtual machines are never utilized by consumers, which represents a significant future potential for cost optimization. For the validation of the results, a second dataset of the Bitbrains datacenter was used, which contains utility data of virtual machines from a different domain of application. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_14883 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Cost Advantage of Virtual Machine Migrations: Empirical Insights into Amazon's EC2 Marketspace Pittl, Benedikt Mach, Werner Schikuta, Erich Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing Computer Science and Game Theory 91-08 J.1; H.1.m In recent years, cloud providers have introduced novel approaches for trading virtual machines. For example, Virtustream introduced so-called muVMs to charge cloud computing resources while other providers such as Google, Microsoft, or Amazon re-invented their marketspaces. Today, the market leader Amazon runs six marketspaces for trading virtual machines. Consumers can purchase bundles of virtual machines, which are called cloud-portfolios, from multiple marketspaces and providers. An industry-relevant field of research is to identify best practices and guidelines on how such optimal portfolios are created. In the paper at hand, a cost analysis of cloud portfolios is presented. Therefore, pricing data from Amazon was used as well as a real virtual machine utilization dataset from the Bitbrains datacenter. The results show that a cost optimum can only be reached if heterogeneous portfolios are created where virtual machines are purchased from different marketspaces. Additionally, the cost-benefit of migrating virtual machines to different marketplaces during runtime is presented. Such migrations are especially cost-effective for virtual machines of cloud-portfolios which run between 6 hours and 1 year. The paper further shows that most of the resources of virtual machines are never utilized by consumers, which represents a significant future potential for cost optimization. For the validation of the results, a second dataset of the Bitbrains datacenter was used, which contains utility data of virtual machines from a different domain of application. |
| title | The Cost Advantage of Virtual Machine Migrations: Empirical Insights into Amazon's EC2 Marketspace |
| topic | Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing Computer Science and Game Theory 91-08 J.1; H.1.m |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14883 |