Quantum-size effect induced Andreev bound states in ultrathin metallic islands proximitized by a superconductor

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Guanyong, Liu, Li-Shuo, Zhu, Zhen, Zheng, Yue, Yang, Bo, Guan, Dandan, Wang, Shiyong, Li, Yaoyi, Liu, Canhua, Chen, Wei, Zheng, Hao, Jia, Jinfeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Guanyong
Liu, Li-Shuo
Zhu, Zhen
Zheng, Yue
Yang, Bo
Guan, Dandan
Wang, Shiyong
Li, Yaoyi
Liu, Canhua
Chen, Wei
Zheng, Hao
Jia, Jinfeng
author_facet Wang, Guanyong
Liu, Li-Shuo
Zhu, Zhen
Zheng, Yue
Yang, Bo
Guan, Dandan
Wang, Shiyong
Li, Yaoyi
Liu, Canhua
Chen, Wei
Zheng, Hao
Jia, Jinfeng
contents While Andreev bound states (ABSs) have been realized in engineered superconducting junctions, their direct observation in normal metal/superconductor heterostructures-enabled by quantum confinement-remains experimentally elusive. Here, we report the detection of ABSs in ultrathin metallic islands (Bi, Ag, and SnTe) grown on the s-wave superconductor NbN. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we clearly reveal in-gap ABSs with energies symmetric about the Fermi level. While the energies of these states show no position dependence, their wave functions exhibit spatial oscillations, demonstrating a quantum size effect. Both the energy levels and spatial distribution of the ABSs can be reproduced by our effective model in which a metallic island is coupled to the superconducting substrate via the proximity effect. We demonstrate that the coupling strength plays a critical role in determining the ABS energies. Our work introduces a novel physical platform for implementing ABSs, which hold promise for significant device applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_15184
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum-size effect induced Andreev bound states in ultrathin metallic islands proximitized by a superconductor
Wang, Guanyong
Liu, Li-Shuo
Zhu, Zhen
Zheng, Yue
Yang, Bo
Guan, Dandan
Wang, Shiyong
Li, Yaoyi
Liu, Canhua
Chen, Wei
Zheng, Hao
Jia, Jinfeng
Superconductivity
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Materials Science
While Andreev bound states (ABSs) have been realized in engineered superconducting junctions, their direct observation in normal metal/superconductor heterostructures-enabled by quantum confinement-remains experimentally elusive. Here, we report the detection of ABSs in ultrathin metallic islands (Bi, Ag, and SnTe) grown on the s-wave superconductor NbN. Using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we clearly reveal in-gap ABSs with energies symmetric about the Fermi level. While the energies of these states show no position dependence, their wave functions exhibit spatial oscillations, demonstrating a quantum size effect. Both the energy levels and spatial distribution of the ABSs can be reproduced by our effective model in which a metallic island is coupled to the superconducting substrate via the proximity effect. We demonstrate that the coupling strength plays a critical role in determining the ABS energies. Our work introduces a novel physical platform for implementing ABSs, which hold promise for significant device applications.
title Quantum-size effect induced Andreev bound states in ultrathin metallic islands proximitized by a superconductor
topic Superconductivity
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15184