Pathology-Informed Latent Diffusion Model for Anomaly Detection in Lymph Node Metastasis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Jiamu, Byeon, Keunho, Song, Jinsol, Nguyen, Anh, Ahn, Sangjeong, Lee, Sung Hak, Kwak, Jin Tae
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Jiamu
Byeon, Keunho
Song, Jinsol
Nguyen, Anh
Ahn, Sangjeong
Lee, Sung Hak
Kwak, Jin Tae
author_facet Wang, Jiamu
Byeon, Keunho
Song, Jinsol
Nguyen, Anh
Ahn, Sangjeong
Lee, Sung Hak
Kwak, Jin Tae
contents Anomaly detection is an emerging approach in digital pathology for its ability to efficiently and effectively utilize data for disease diagnosis. While supervised learning approaches deliver high accuracy, they rely on extensively annotated datasets, suffering from data scarcity in digital pathology. Unsupervised anomaly detection, however, offers a viable alternative by identifying deviations from normal tissue distributions without requiring exhaustive annotations. Recently, denoising diffusion probabilistic models have gained popularity in unsupervised anomaly detection, achieving promising performance in both natural and medical imaging datasets. Building on this, we incorporate a vision-language model with a diffusion model for unsupervised anomaly detection in digital pathology, utilizing histopathology prompts during reconstruction. Our approach employs a set of pathology-related keywords associated with normal tissues to guide the reconstruction process, facilitating the differentiation between normal and abnormal tissues. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct experiments on a gastric lymph node dataset from a local hospital and assess its generalization ability under domain shift using a public breast lymph node dataset. The experimental results highlight the potential of the proposed method for unsupervised anomaly detection across various organs in digital pathology. Code: https://github.com/QuIIL/AnoPILaD.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_15236
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Pathology-Informed Latent Diffusion Model for Anomaly Detection in Lymph Node Metastasis
Wang, Jiamu
Byeon, Keunho
Song, Jinsol
Nguyen, Anh
Ahn, Sangjeong
Lee, Sung Hak
Kwak, Jin Tae
Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Anomaly detection is an emerging approach in digital pathology for its ability to efficiently and effectively utilize data for disease diagnosis. While supervised learning approaches deliver high accuracy, they rely on extensively annotated datasets, suffering from data scarcity in digital pathology. Unsupervised anomaly detection, however, offers a viable alternative by identifying deviations from normal tissue distributions without requiring exhaustive annotations. Recently, denoising diffusion probabilistic models have gained popularity in unsupervised anomaly detection, achieving promising performance in both natural and medical imaging datasets. Building on this, we incorporate a vision-language model with a diffusion model for unsupervised anomaly detection in digital pathology, utilizing histopathology prompts during reconstruction. Our approach employs a set of pathology-related keywords associated with normal tissues to guide the reconstruction process, facilitating the differentiation between normal and abnormal tissues. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct experiments on a gastric lymph node dataset from a local hospital and assess its generalization ability under domain shift using a public breast lymph node dataset. The experimental results highlight the potential of the proposed method for unsupervised anomaly detection across various organs in digital pathology. Code: https://github.com/QuIIL/AnoPILaD.
title Pathology-Informed Latent Diffusion Model for Anomaly Detection in Lymph Node Metastasis
topic Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15236