An edge-spectral Erdős-Stone-Simonovits theorem and its stability

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Yongtao, Liu, Hong, Zhang, Shengtong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Yongtao
Liu, Hong
Zhang, Shengtong
author_facet Li, Yongtao
Liu, Hong
Zhang, Shengtong
contents We study the extremal problem that relates the spectral radius $λ(G)$ of an $F$-free graph $G$ with its number of edges. Firstly, we prove that for any graph $F$ with chromatic number $χ(F)=r+1\ge 3$, if $G$ is an $F$-free graph on $m$ edges, then $λ^2(G)\le {(1-\frac{1}{r} + o(1))2m}$. This provides a unified extension of both the Erdős--Stone--Simonovits theorem and its vertex-spectral version due to Nikiforov, and confirms a conjecture proposed by Li, Liu and Feng. We also establish the corresponding edge-spectral stability, showing that if $G$ is an $F$-free graph on $m$ edges with $λ^2(G)=(1- \frac{1}{r} - o(1))2m$, then $G$ differs from a complete bipartite graph by $o(m)$ edges when $r=2$, and $G$ differs from an $r$-partite Turán graph by $o(m)$ edges when $r\ge 3$. This extends the classical Erdős--Simonovits stability theorem. As an application of our method, we improve a result of Zhai, Lin and Shu by showing that if $λ(G)>\sqrt{m}$, then there exist two vertices in $G$ that have at least $\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{m} - O(1)$ common neighbors. This bound is the best possible as witnessed by a random construction.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_15271
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An edge-spectral Erdős-Stone-Simonovits theorem and its stability
Li, Yongtao
Liu, Hong
Zhang, Shengtong
Combinatorics
05C35, 05C50
We study the extremal problem that relates the spectral radius $λ(G)$ of an $F$-free graph $G$ with its number of edges. Firstly, we prove that for any graph $F$ with chromatic number $χ(F)=r+1\ge 3$, if $G$ is an $F$-free graph on $m$ edges, then $λ^2(G)\le {(1-\frac{1}{r} + o(1))2m}$. This provides a unified extension of both the Erdős--Stone--Simonovits theorem and its vertex-spectral version due to Nikiforov, and confirms a conjecture proposed by Li, Liu and Feng. We also establish the corresponding edge-spectral stability, showing that if $G$ is an $F$-free graph on $m$ edges with $λ^2(G)=(1- \frac{1}{r} - o(1))2m$, then $G$ differs from a complete bipartite graph by $o(m)$ edges when $r=2$, and $G$ differs from an $r$-partite Turán graph by $o(m)$ edges when $r\ge 3$. This extends the classical Erdős--Simonovits stability theorem. As an application of our method, we improve a result of Zhai, Lin and Shu by showing that if $λ(G)>\sqrt{m}$, then there exist two vertices in $G$ that have at least $\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{m} - O(1)$ common neighbors. This bound is the best possible as witnessed by a random construction.
title An edge-spectral Erdős-Stone-Simonovits theorem and its stability
topic Combinatorics
05C35, 05C50
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15271