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Hauptverfasser: Schwarzhans, Emanuel, Apollaro, Tony J. G., Khomchenko, Ilia, Lock, Maximilian P. E., Mitchison, Mark T., Huber, Marcus
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16375
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author Schwarzhans, Emanuel
Apollaro, Tony J. G.
Khomchenko, Ilia
Lock, Maximilian P. E.
Mitchison, Mark T.
Huber, Marcus
author_facet Schwarzhans, Emanuel
Apollaro, Tony J. G.
Khomchenko, Ilia
Lock, Maximilian P. E.
Mitchison, Mark T.
Huber, Marcus
contents We formulate a minimal model of a quantum particle detector as an autonomous quantum thermal machine. Our goal is to establish how entropy production, which is needed to maintain the detector out of equilibrium, is linked to the quality of the measurement process. Using our model, we perform a detailed investigation of the detector's key performance characteristics: namely, detection efficiency, gain, jitter, dead time, and dark counts. We find that entropy production constrains both the efficiency and temporal precision of the detection process, in the sense that improved performance generally requires more dissipation. We also find that reducing either the detection jitter or dead time unavoidably increases the rate of dark counts. Our work establishes a quantitative connection between entropy production and the quality of the irreversible detection process, highlights fundamental tradeoffs in the performance of particle detectors, and provides a framework for further investigations of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum measurement and amplification.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_16375
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum detectors as autonomous machines: assessing the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of information acquisition
Schwarzhans, Emanuel
Apollaro, Tony J. G.
Khomchenko, Ilia
Lock, Maximilian P. E.
Mitchison, Mark T.
Huber, Marcus
Quantum Physics
We formulate a minimal model of a quantum particle detector as an autonomous quantum thermal machine. Our goal is to establish how entropy production, which is needed to maintain the detector out of equilibrium, is linked to the quality of the measurement process. Using our model, we perform a detailed investigation of the detector's key performance characteristics: namely, detection efficiency, gain, jitter, dead time, and dark counts. We find that entropy production constrains both the efficiency and temporal precision of the detection process, in the sense that improved performance generally requires more dissipation. We also find that reducing either the detection jitter or dead time unavoidably increases the rate of dark counts. Our work establishes a quantitative connection between entropy production and the quality of the irreversible detection process, highlights fundamental tradeoffs in the performance of particle detectors, and provides a framework for further investigations of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum measurement and amplification.
title Quantum detectors as autonomous machines: assessing the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of information acquisition
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16375