Recall-Extend Dynamics: Enhancing Small Language Models through Controlled Exploration and Refined Offline Integration

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Hauptverfasser: Guan, Zhong, Wu, Likang, Zhao, Hongke, Wang, Jiahui, Wu, Le
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Guan, Zhong
Wu, Likang
Zhao, Hongke
Wang, Jiahui
Wu, Le
author_facet Guan, Zhong
Wu, Likang
Zhao, Hongke
Wang, Jiahui
Wu, Le
contents Many existing studies have achieved significant improvements in the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), while the enhancement of reasoning abilities in small language models (SLMs) has not yet been sufficiently explored. Combining distilled data from larger models with RLVR on small models themselves is a natural approach, but it still faces various challenges and issues. Therefore, we propose \textit{\underline{R}}ecall-\textit{\underline{E}}xtend \textit{\underline{D}}ynamics(RED): Enhancing Small Language Models through Controlled Exploration and Refined Offline Integration. In this paper, we explore the perspective of varying exploration spaces, balancing offline distillation with online reinforcement learning. Simultaneously, we specifically design and optimize for the insertion problem within offline data. By monitoring the ratio of entropy changes in the model concerning offline and online data, we regulate the weight of offline-SFT, thereby addressing the issues of insufficient exploration space in small models and the redundancy and complexity during the distillation process. Furthermore, to tackle the distribution discrepancies between offline data and the current policy, we design a sample-accuracy-based policy shift mechanism that dynamically chooses between imitating offline distilled data and learning from its own policy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_16677
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Recall-Extend Dynamics: Enhancing Small Language Models through Controlled Exploration and Refined Offline Integration
Guan, Zhong
Wu, Likang
Zhao, Hongke
Wang, Jiahui
Wu, Le
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Many existing studies have achieved significant improvements in the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), while the enhancement of reasoning abilities in small language models (SLMs) has not yet been sufficiently explored. Combining distilled data from larger models with RLVR on small models themselves is a natural approach, but it still faces various challenges and issues. Therefore, we propose \textit{\underline{R}}ecall-\textit{\underline{E}}xtend \textit{\underline{D}}ynamics(RED): Enhancing Small Language Models through Controlled Exploration and Refined Offline Integration. In this paper, we explore the perspective of varying exploration spaces, balancing offline distillation with online reinforcement learning. Simultaneously, we specifically design and optimize for the insertion problem within offline data. By monitoring the ratio of entropy changes in the model concerning offline and online data, we regulate the weight of offline-SFT, thereby addressing the issues of insufficient exploration space in small models and the redundancy and complexity during the distillation process. Furthermore, to tackle the distribution discrepancies between offline data and the current policy, we design a sample-accuracy-based policy shift mechanism that dynamically chooses between imitating offline distilled data and learning from its own policy.
title Recall-Extend Dynamics: Enhancing Small Language Models through Controlled Exploration and Refined Offline Integration
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16677