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Main Authors: Li, Wendi, Wu, Hao, Gao, Han, Mao, Bing, Xu, Fengyuan, Zhong, Sheng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16962
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author Li, Wendi
Wu, Hao
Gao, Han
Mao, Bing
Xu, Fengyuan
Zhong, Sheng
author_facet Li, Wendi
Wu, Hao
Gao, Han
Mao, Bing
Xu, Fengyuan
Zhong, Sheng
contents Ensuring realistic traffic dynamics is a prerequisite for simulation platforms to evaluate the reliability of self-driving systems before deployment in the real world. Because most road users are human drivers, reproducing their diverse behaviors within simulators is vital. Existing solutions, however, typically rely on either handcrafted heuristics or narrow data-driven models, which capture only fragments of real driving behaviors and offer limited driving style diversity and interpretability. To address this gap, we introduce HDSim, an HD traffic generation framework that combines cognitive theory with large language model (LLM) assistance to produce scalable and realistic traffic scenarios within simulation platforms. The framework advances the state of the art in two ways: (i) it introduces a hierarchical driver model that represents diverse driving style traits, and (ii) it develops a Perception-Mediated Behavior Influence strategy, where LLMs guide perception to indirectly shape driver actions. Experiments reveal that embedding HDSim into simulation improves detection of safety-critical failures in self-driving systems by up to 68% and yields realism-consistent accident interpretability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_16962
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LLM-based Human-like Traffic Simulation for Self-driving Tests
Li, Wendi
Wu, Hao
Gao, Han
Mao, Bing
Xu, Fengyuan
Zhong, Sheng
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Ensuring realistic traffic dynamics is a prerequisite for simulation platforms to evaluate the reliability of self-driving systems before deployment in the real world. Because most road users are human drivers, reproducing their diverse behaviors within simulators is vital. Existing solutions, however, typically rely on either handcrafted heuristics or narrow data-driven models, which capture only fragments of real driving behaviors and offer limited driving style diversity and interpretability. To address this gap, we introduce HDSim, an HD traffic generation framework that combines cognitive theory with large language model (LLM) assistance to produce scalable and realistic traffic scenarios within simulation platforms. The framework advances the state of the art in two ways: (i) it introduces a hierarchical driver model that represents diverse driving style traits, and (ii) it develops a Perception-Mediated Behavior Influence strategy, where LLMs guide perception to indirectly shape driver actions. Experiments reveal that embedding HDSim into simulation improves detection of safety-critical failures in self-driving systems by up to 68% and yields realism-consistent accident interpretability.
title LLM-based Human-like Traffic Simulation for Self-driving Tests
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16962