Capturing Legal Reasoning Paths from Facts to Law in Court Judgments using Knowledge Graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kondo, Ryoma, Matsuoka, Riona, Yoshida, Takahiro, Yamasawa, Kazuyuki, Hisano, Ryohei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866909883913207808
author Kondo, Ryoma
Matsuoka, Riona
Yoshida, Takahiro
Yamasawa, Kazuyuki
Hisano, Ryohei
author_facet Kondo, Ryoma
Matsuoka, Riona
Yoshida, Takahiro
Yamasawa, Kazuyuki
Hisano, Ryohei
contents Court judgments reveal how legal rules have been interpreted and applied to facts, providing a foundation for understanding structured legal reasoning. However, existing automated approaches for capturing legal reasoning, including large language models, often fail to identify the relevant legal context, do not accurately trace how facts relate to legal norms, and may misrepresent the layered structure of judicial reasoning. These limitations hinder the ability to capture how courts apply the law to facts in practice. In this paper, we address these challenges by constructing a legal knowledge graph from 648 Japanese administrative court decisions. Our method extracts components of legal reasoning using prompt-based large language models, normalizes references to legal provisions, and links facts, norms, and legal applications through an ontology of legal inference. The resulting graph captures the full structure of legal reasoning as it appears in real court decisions, making implicit reasoning explicit and machine-readable. We evaluate our system using expert annotated data, and find that it achieves more accurate retrieval of relevant legal provisions from facts than large language model baselines and retrieval-augmented methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_17340
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Capturing Legal Reasoning Paths from Facts to Law in Court Judgments using Knowledge Graphs
Kondo, Ryoma
Matsuoka, Riona
Yoshida, Takahiro
Yamasawa, Kazuyuki
Hisano, Ryohei
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Databases
Information Retrieval
Court judgments reveal how legal rules have been interpreted and applied to facts, providing a foundation for understanding structured legal reasoning. However, existing automated approaches for capturing legal reasoning, including large language models, often fail to identify the relevant legal context, do not accurately trace how facts relate to legal norms, and may misrepresent the layered structure of judicial reasoning. These limitations hinder the ability to capture how courts apply the law to facts in practice. In this paper, we address these challenges by constructing a legal knowledge graph from 648 Japanese administrative court decisions. Our method extracts components of legal reasoning using prompt-based large language models, normalizes references to legal provisions, and links facts, norms, and legal applications through an ontology of legal inference. The resulting graph captures the full structure of legal reasoning as it appears in real court decisions, making implicit reasoning explicit and machine-readable. We evaluate our system using expert annotated data, and find that it achieves more accurate retrieval of relevant legal provisions from facts than large language model baselines and retrieval-augmented methods.
title Capturing Legal Reasoning Paths from Facts to Law in Court Judgments using Knowledge Graphs
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Databases
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17340