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Main Author: Farivar, Kayla
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17694
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author Farivar, Kayla
author_facet Farivar, Kayla
contents Information retrieval systems have progressed notably from lexical techniques such as BM25 and TF-IDF to modern semantic retrievers. This survey provides a brief overview of the BM25 baseline, then discusses the architecture of modern state-of-the-art semantic retrievers. Advancing from BERT, we introduce dense bi-encoders (DPR), late-interaction models (ColBERT), and neural sparse retrieval (SPLADE). Finally, we examine MonoT5, a cross-encoder model. We conclude with common evaluation tactics, pressing challenges, and propositions for future directions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_17694
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Semantic Search for Information Retrieval
Farivar, Kayla
Information Retrieval
Information retrieval systems have progressed notably from lexical techniques such as BM25 and TF-IDF to modern semantic retrievers. This survey provides a brief overview of the BM25 baseline, then discusses the architecture of modern state-of-the-art semantic retrievers. Advancing from BERT, we introduce dense bi-encoders (DPR), late-interaction models (ColBERT), and neural sparse retrieval (SPLADE). Finally, we examine MonoT5, a cross-encoder model. We conclude with common evaluation tactics, pressing challenges, and propositions for future directions.
title Semantic Search for Information Retrieval
topic Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17694