PRZK-Bind: A Physically Rooted Zero-Knowledge Authentication Protocol for Secure Digital Twin Binding in Smart Cities

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yigit, Yagmur, Erturk, Mehmet Ali, Gursu, Kerem, Canberk, Berk
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yigit, Yagmur
Erturk, Mehmet Ali
Gursu, Kerem
Canberk, Berk
author_facet Yigit, Yagmur
Erturk, Mehmet Ali
Gursu, Kerem
Canberk, Berk
contents Digital twin (DT) technology is rapidly becoming essential for smart city ecosystems, enabling real-time synchronisation and autonomous decision-making across physical and digital domains. However, as DTs take active roles in control loops, securely binding them to their physical counterparts in dynamic and adversarial environments remains a significant challenge. Existing authentication solutions either rely on static trust models, require centralised authorities, or fail to provide live and verifiable physical-digital binding, making them unsuitable for latency-sensitive and distributed deployments. To address this gap, we introduce PRZK-Bind, a lightweight and decentralised authentication protocol that combines Schnorr-based zero-knowledge proofs with elliptic curve cryptography to establish secure, real-time correspondence between physical entities and DTs without relying on pre-shared secrets. Simulation results show that PRZK-Bind significantly improves performance, offering up to 4.5 times lower latency and 4 times reduced energy consumption compared to cryptography-heavy baselines, while maintaining false acceptance rates more than 10 times lower. These findings highlight its suitability for future smart city deployments requiring efficient, resilient, and trustworthy DT authentication.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_17913
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PRZK-Bind: A Physically Rooted Zero-Knowledge Authentication Protocol for Secure Digital Twin Binding in Smart Cities
Yigit, Yagmur
Erturk, Mehmet Ali
Gursu, Kerem
Canberk, Berk
Cryptography and Security
Emerging Technologies
Networking and Internet Architecture
Digital twin (DT) technology is rapidly becoming essential for smart city ecosystems, enabling real-time synchronisation and autonomous decision-making across physical and digital domains. However, as DTs take active roles in control loops, securely binding them to their physical counterparts in dynamic and adversarial environments remains a significant challenge. Existing authentication solutions either rely on static trust models, require centralised authorities, or fail to provide live and verifiable physical-digital binding, making them unsuitable for latency-sensitive and distributed deployments. To address this gap, we introduce PRZK-Bind, a lightweight and decentralised authentication protocol that combines Schnorr-based zero-knowledge proofs with elliptic curve cryptography to establish secure, real-time correspondence between physical entities and DTs without relying on pre-shared secrets. Simulation results show that PRZK-Bind significantly improves performance, offering up to 4.5 times lower latency and 4 times reduced energy consumption compared to cryptography-heavy baselines, while maintaining false acceptance rates more than 10 times lower. These findings highlight its suitability for future smart city deployments requiring efficient, resilient, and trustworthy DT authentication.
title PRZK-Bind: A Physically Rooted Zero-Knowledge Authentication Protocol for Secure Digital Twin Binding in Smart Cities
topic Cryptography and Security
Emerging Technologies
Networking and Internet Architecture
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17913