Beyond-Diagonal RIS: Adversarial Channels and Optimality of Low-Complexity Architectures
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866911122815188992 |
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| author | Iivanainen, Atso Rajamäki, Robin Koivunen, Visa |
| author_facet | Iivanainen, Atso Rajamäki, Robin Koivunen, Visa |
| contents | Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) have recently gained attention as an enhancement to conventional RISs. BD-RISs allow optimizing not only the phase, but also the amplitude responses of their discrete surface elements by introducing adjustable inter-element couplings. Various BD-RIS architectures have been proposed to optimally trade off between average performance and complexity of the architecture. However, little attention has been paid to worst-case performance. This paper characterizes novel sets of adversarial channels for which certain low-complexity BD-RIS architectures have suboptimal performance in terms of received signal power at an intended communications user. Specifically, we consider two recent BD-RIS models: the so-called group-connected and tree-connected architecture. The derived adversarial channel sets reveal new surprising connections between the two architectures. We validate our analytical results numerically, demonstrating that adversarial channels can cause a significant performance loss. Our results pave the way towards efficient BD-RIS designs that are robust to adversarial propagation conditions and malicious attacks. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_19000 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Beyond-Diagonal RIS: Adversarial Channels and Optimality of Low-Complexity Architectures Iivanainen, Atso Rajamäki, Robin Koivunen, Visa Signal Processing Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) have recently gained attention as an enhancement to conventional RISs. BD-RISs allow optimizing not only the phase, but also the amplitude responses of their discrete surface elements by introducing adjustable inter-element couplings. Various BD-RIS architectures have been proposed to optimally trade off between average performance and complexity of the architecture. However, little attention has been paid to worst-case performance. This paper characterizes novel sets of adversarial channels for which certain low-complexity BD-RIS architectures have suboptimal performance in terms of received signal power at an intended communications user. Specifically, we consider two recent BD-RIS models: the so-called group-connected and tree-connected architecture. The derived adversarial channel sets reveal new surprising connections between the two architectures. We validate our analytical results numerically, demonstrating that adversarial channels can cause a significant performance loss. Our results pave the way towards efficient BD-RIS designs that are robust to adversarial propagation conditions and malicious attacks. |
| title | Beyond-Diagonal RIS: Adversarial Channels and Optimality of Low-Complexity Architectures |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19000 |