Wide Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): Discovery of a Gap H$α$ Protoplanet WISPIT 2b with MagAO-X
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2025
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| author | Close, Laird M. van Capelleveen, Richelle F. Weible, Gabriel Wagner, Kevin Haffert, Sebastiaan Y. Males, Jared R. Ilyin, Ilya Kenworthy, Matthew A. Li, Jialin Long, Joseph D. Ertel, Steve Ginski, Christian Weinberger, Alycia J. Follette, Kate Liberman, Joshua Twitchell, Katie Johnson, Parker Kueny, Jay Apai, Daniel Doyon, Rene Foster, Warren Gasho, Victor Van Gorkom, Kyle Guyon, Olivier Kautz, Maggie Y. McLeod, Avalon McEwen, Eden Pearce, Logan Schatz, Lauren Hedglen, Alexander D. Wu, Ya-Lin Isbell, Jacob Power, Jenny Carlson, Jared Close, Emmeline Tonucci, Elena Mars, Matthijs |
| author_facet | Close, Laird M. van Capelleveen, Richelle F. Weible, Gabriel Wagner, Kevin Haffert, Sebastiaan Y. Males, Jared R. Ilyin, Ilya Kenworthy, Matthew A. Li, Jialin Long, Joseph D. Ertel, Steve Ginski, Christian Weinberger, Alycia J. Follette, Kate Liberman, Joshua Twitchell, Katie Johnson, Parker Kueny, Jay Apai, Daniel Doyon, Rene Foster, Warren Gasho, Victor Van Gorkom, Kyle Guyon, Olivier Kautz, Maggie Y. McLeod, Avalon McEwen, Eden Pearce, Logan Schatz, Lauren Hedglen, Alexander D. Wu, Ya-Lin Isbell, Jacob Power, Jenny Carlson, Jared Close, Emmeline Tonucci, Elena Mars, Matthijs |
| contents | Excellent (<25 mas) H$_α$ images of the star TYC 5709-354-1 led to the discovery of a rare H$_α$ protoplanet. This star was discovered by the WISPIT survey to have a large multi-ring transitional disk, and is hereafter WISPIT 2. Our H$_α$ images of 2025, April 13 and April 16 discovered an accreting (H$_α$ in emission) protoplanet: WISPIT 2b (r=309.43$\pm$1.56 mas; (~54 au deprojected), PA=242.21$\pm$0.41 degrees) likely clearing a dust-free gap between the two brightest dust rings in the transitional disk. Our SNR=12.5 detection gave an H$_α$ ASDI contrast of (6.5$\pm$0.5)x10$^{-4}$ and a H$_α$ line flux of (1.29$\pm$0.28)x10$^{-15}$ erg/s/cm$^2$. We also present L' photometry from LBT/LMIRcam of the planet (L'=15.30$\pm$0.05 mag) which, when coupled with an age of 5.1$^{+2.4}_{-1.3}$ Myr, yields a planet mass estimate of 5.3$\pm$1.0 Mjup from the DUSTY evolutionary models. WISPIT 2b is accreting at 2.25$^{-0.17}_{+3.75}$x10$^{-12}$ Msun/yr. WISPIT 2b is very similar to the other H$_α$ protoplanets in terms of mass, age, flux, and accretion rate. The inclination of the system (${\it i}$=44 degrees) is also, surprisingly, very similar to the other known H$α$ protoplanet systems which all cluster from 37$\leq{\it i}\leq$52 degrees. We argue this clustering has only a ~1.0% (2.6 sigma) probability of occurring randomly, and so we speculate that magnetospherical accretion might have a preferred inclination range (~37-52 degrees) for the direct (cloud free, low extinction) line of sight to the H-alpha line formation/shock region. We also find at 110mas (~15au deprojected) a close companion candidate (CC1) which may be consistent with an inner dusty 9$\pm$4 Mjup planet. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_19046 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Wide Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): Discovery of a Gap H$α$ Protoplanet WISPIT 2b with MagAO-X Close, Laird M. van Capelleveen, Richelle F. Weible, Gabriel Wagner, Kevin Haffert, Sebastiaan Y. Males, Jared R. Ilyin, Ilya Kenworthy, Matthew A. Li, Jialin Long, Joseph D. Ertel, Steve Ginski, Christian Weinberger, Alycia J. Follette, Kate Liberman, Joshua Twitchell, Katie Johnson, Parker Kueny, Jay Apai, Daniel Doyon, Rene Foster, Warren Gasho, Victor Van Gorkom, Kyle Guyon, Olivier Kautz, Maggie Y. McLeod, Avalon McEwen, Eden Pearce, Logan Schatz, Lauren Hedglen, Alexander D. Wu, Ya-Lin Isbell, Jacob Power, Jenny Carlson, Jared Close, Emmeline Tonucci, Elena Mars, Matthijs Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Excellent (<25 mas) H$_α$ images of the star TYC 5709-354-1 led to the discovery of a rare H$_α$ protoplanet. This star was discovered by the WISPIT survey to have a large multi-ring transitional disk, and is hereafter WISPIT 2. Our H$_α$ images of 2025, April 13 and April 16 discovered an accreting (H$_α$ in emission) protoplanet: WISPIT 2b (r=309.43$\pm$1.56 mas; (~54 au deprojected), PA=242.21$\pm$0.41 degrees) likely clearing a dust-free gap between the two brightest dust rings in the transitional disk. Our SNR=12.5 detection gave an H$_α$ ASDI contrast of (6.5$\pm$0.5)x10$^{-4}$ and a H$_α$ line flux of (1.29$\pm$0.28)x10$^{-15}$ erg/s/cm$^2$. We also present L' photometry from LBT/LMIRcam of the planet (L'=15.30$\pm$0.05 mag) which, when coupled with an age of 5.1$^{+2.4}_{-1.3}$ Myr, yields a planet mass estimate of 5.3$\pm$1.0 Mjup from the DUSTY evolutionary models. WISPIT 2b is accreting at 2.25$^{-0.17}_{+3.75}$x10$^{-12}$ Msun/yr. WISPIT 2b is very similar to the other H$_α$ protoplanets in terms of mass, age, flux, and accretion rate. The inclination of the system (${\it i}$=44 degrees) is also, surprisingly, very similar to the other known H$α$ protoplanet systems which all cluster from 37$\leq{\it i}\leq$52 degrees. We argue this clustering has only a ~1.0% (2.6 sigma) probability of occurring randomly, and so we speculate that magnetospherical accretion might have a preferred inclination range (~37-52 degrees) for the direct (cloud free, low extinction) line of sight to the H-alpha line formation/shock region. We also find at 110mas (~15au deprojected) a close companion candidate (CC1) which may be consistent with an inner dusty 9$\pm$4 Mjup planet. |
| title | Wide Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): Discovery of a Gap H$α$ Protoplanet WISPIT 2b with MagAO-X |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19046 |