Multi-value Probabilistic Computing with current-controlled Skyrmion Diffusion

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Winkler, Thomas B., Zhou, Yuean, Beneke, Grischa, Kammerbauer, Fabian, Krishnia, Sachin, Carpentieri, Mario, Rodrigues, Davi R., Kläui, Mathias, Mentink, Johan H.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Winkler, Thomas B.
Zhou, Yuean
Beneke, Grischa
Kammerbauer, Fabian
Krishnia, Sachin
Carpentieri, Mario
Rodrigues, Davi R.
Kläui, Mathias
Mentink, Johan H.
author_facet Winkler, Thomas B.
Zhou, Yuean
Beneke, Grischa
Kammerbauer, Fabian
Krishnia, Sachin
Carpentieri, Mario
Rodrigues, Davi R.
Kläui, Mathias
Mentink, Johan H.
contents Magnetic systems are highly promising for implementing probabilistic computing paradigms because of the fitting energy scales and conspicuous non-linearities. While conventional binary probabilistic computing has been realized, implementing more advantageous multi-value probabilistic computing (MPC) remains a challenge. Here, we report the realization of MPC by leveraging the thermally activated diffusion of magnetic skyrmions through an effectively non-flat energy landscape defined by a discrete number of pinning sites. The time-averaged spatial distribution of the diffusing skyrmions directly realizes a discrete probability distribution, which is tunable by current-generated spin-orbit torques, and can be quantified by non-perturbative electrical measurements. Even a very straightforward implementation with global tuning, already allows us to demonstrate the softmax computation - a core function in artificial intelligence. As a key advance, we demonstrate invertible logic without the need to create a network of probabilistic devices, offering major scalability advantages. Our proof of concept can be generalized to multiple skyrmions and can accommodate multiple locally tunable inputs and outputs using magnetic tunnel junctions, potentially enabling the representation of highly complex distribution functions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_19623
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-value Probabilistic Computing with current-controlled Skyrmion Diffusion
Winkler, Thomas B.
Zhou, Yuean
Beneke, Grischa
Kammerbauer, Fabian
Krishnia, Sachin
Carpentieri, Mario
Rodrigues, Davi R.
Kläui, Mathias
Mentink, Johan H.
Materials Science
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Magnetic systems are highly promising for implementing probabilistic computing paradigms because of the fitting energy scales and conspicuous non-linearities. While conventional binary probabilistic computing has been realized, implementing more advantageous multi-value probabilistic computing (MPC) remains a challenge. Here, we report the realization of MPC by leveraging the thermally activated diffusion of magnetic skyrmions through an effectively non-flat energy landscape defined by a discrete number of pinning sites. The time-averaged spatial distribution of the diffusing skyrmions directly realizes a discrete probability distribution, which is tunable by current-generated spin-orbit torques, and can be quantified by non-perturbative electrical measurements. Even a very straightforward implementation with global tuning, already allows us to demonstrate the softmax computation - a core function in artificial intelligence. As a key advance, we demonstrate invertible logic without the need to create a network of probabilistic devices, offering major scalability advantages. Our proof of concept can be generalized to multiple skyrmions and can accommodate multiple locally tunable inputs and outputs using magnetic tunnel junctions, potentially enabling the representation of highly complex distribution functions.
title Multi-value Probabilistic Computing with current-controlled Skyrmion Diffusion
topic Materials Science
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19623