Experimental observation of multimode quantum phase transitions in a superconducting Bose-Hubbard simulator
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914010470809600 |
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| author | Castillo-Moreno, Claudia Sépulcre, Théo Hillmann, Timo Amin, Kazi Rafsanjani Kervinen, Mikael Gasparinetti, Simone |
| author_facet | Castillo-Moreno, Claudia Sépulcre, Théo Hillmann, Timo Amin, Kazi Rafsanjani Kervinen, Mikael Gasparinetti, Simone |
| contents | The study of phase transitions and critical phenomena arising in quantum driven-dissipative systems, and whether a correspondence can be drawn to their equilibrium counterparts, is a pressing question in contemporary physics. The development of large-scale superconducting circuits provides an experimental platform for these theoretical models. We report an experimental study of a multi-mode dissipative first-order phase transition in a 1D Bose-Hubbard chain consisting of 21 superconducting resonators. This phase transition manifests itself as a simultaneous frequency jump in all resonator modes as the frequency or power of a pump tone is swept. By measuring the system's emission spectrum through the transition, we characterize the dim-to-bright phase transition and construct the full phase diagram. We further perform time-dependent measurements of the switching between the two phases in the transition region, from which we corroborate the transition line and extract transition times ranging from a few ms up to 143~s. Our model, based on single-mode mean-field theory and cross-Kerr interactions, captures the features at moderate pump powers and quantitatively reproduces the transition line. Our results open a new window into non-equilibrium quantum many-body physics and mark a step toward realizing and understanding dissipative phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit using superconducting quantum circuits. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_20116 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Experimental observation of multimode quantum phase transitions in a superconducting Bose-Hubbard simulator Castillo-Moreno, Claudia Sépulcre, Théo Hillmann, Timo Amin, Kazi Rafsanjani Kervinen, Mikael Gasparinetti, Simone Quantum Gases Quantum Physics The study of phase transitions and critical phenomena arising in quantum driven-dissipative systems, and whether a correspondence can be drawn to their equilibrium counterparts, is a pressing question in contemporary physics. The development of large-scale superconducting circuits provides an experimental platform for these theoretical models. We report an experimental study of a multi-mode dissipative first-order phase transition in a 1D Bose-Hubbard chain consisting of 21 superconducting resonators. This phase transition manifests itself as a simultaneous frequency jump in all resonator modes as the frequency or power of a pump tone is swept. By measuring the system's emission spectrum through the transition, we characterize the dim-to-bright phase transition and construct the full phase diagram. We further perform time-dependent measurements of the switching between the two phases in the transition region, from which we corroborate the transition line and extract transition times ranging from a few ms up to 143~s. Our model, based on single-mode mean-field theory and cross-Kerr interactions, captures the features at moderate pump powers and quantitatively reproduces the transition line. Our results open a new window into non-equilibrium quantum many-body physics and mark a step toward realizing and understanding dissipative phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit using superconducting quantum circuits. |
| title | Experimental observation of multimode quantum phase transitions in a superconducting Bose-Hubbard simulator |
| topic | Quantum Gases Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20116 |