Higher-Order Linear Differential Equations for Unitary Matrix Integrals: Applications and Generalisations

Fuente: arXiv
Salvato in:
Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali: Forrester, Peter J., Wei, Fei
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
Soggetti:
Accesso online:
Tags: Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
_version_ 1866914337904394240
author Forrester, Peter J.
Wei, Fei
author_facet Forrester, Peter J.
Wei, Fei
contents In this paper, we consider characterisations of the class of unitary matrix integrals $\big\langle (\det U)^q {\rm e}^{s^{1/2} \operatorname{Tr}(U + U^\dagger)} \big\rangle_{U(l)}$ in terms of a first-order matrix linear differential equation for a vector function of size $l+1$, and in terms of a scalar linear differential equation of degree ${l+1}$. It will be shown that the latter follows from the former. The matrix linear differential equation provides an efficient way to compute the power series expansion of the matrix integrals, which with $q=0$ and $q=l$ are of relevance to the enumeration of longest increasing subsequences for random permutations, and to the question of the moments of the first and second derivative of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line, respectively. This procedure is compared against that following from known characterisations involving the $σ$-Painlev&é III$'$ second-order nonlinear differential equation. We show too that the natural $β$ generalisation of the unitary group integral permits characterisation by the same classes of linear differential equations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_20797
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Higher-Order Linear Differential Equations for Unitary Matrix Integrals: Applications and Generalisations
Forrester, Peter J.
Wei, Fei
Mathematical Physics
In this paper, we consider characterisations of the class of unitary matrix integrals $\big\langle (\det U)^q {\rm e}^{s^{1/2} \operatorname{Tr}(U + U^\dagger)} \big\rangle_{U(l)}$ in terms of a first-order matrix linear differential equation for a vector function of size $l+1$, and in terms of a scalar linear differential equation of degree ${l+1}$. It will be shown that the latter follows from the former. The matrix linear differential equation provides an efficient way to compute the power series expansion of the matrix integrals, which with $q=0$ and $q=l$ are of relevance to the enumeration of longest increasing subsequences for random permutations, and to the question of the moments of the first and second derivative of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line, respectively. This procedure is compared against that following from known characterisations involving the $σ$-Painlev&é III$'$ second-order nonlinear differential equation. We show too that the natural $β$ generalisation of the unitary group integral permits characterisation by the same classes of linear differential equations.
title Higher-Order Linear Differential Equations for Unitary Matrix Integrals: Applications and Generalisations
topic Mathematical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20797