Improved photometric redshift estimations through self-organising map-based data augmentation

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Zhang, Yun-Hao, Zuntz, Joe, Moskowitz, Irene, Gawiser, Eric, Kuijken, Konrad, Asgari, Marika, Hoekstra, Henk, Malz, Alex I., Yan, Ziang, Zhang, Tianqing, Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Zhang, Yun-Hao
Zuntz, Joe
Moskowitz, Irene
Gawiser, Eric
Kuijken, Konrad
Asgari, Marika
Hoekstra, Henk
Malz, Alex I.
Yan, Ziang
Zhang, Tianqing
Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
author_facet Zhang, Yun-Hao
Zuntz, Joe
Moskowitz, Irene
Gawiser, Eric
Kuijken, Konrad
Asgari, Marika
Hoekstra, Henk
Malz, Alex I.
Yan, Ziang
Zhang, Tianqing
Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
contents We introduce a framework for the enhanced estimation of photometric redshifts using Self-Organising Maps (SOMs). Our method projects galaxy Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) onto a two-dimensional map, identifying regions that are sparsely sampled by existing spectroscopic observations. These under-sampled areas are then augmented with simulated galaxies, yielding a more representative spectroscopic training dataset. To assess the efficacy of this SOM-based data augmentation in the context of the forthcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), we employ mock galaxy catalogues from the OpenUniverse2024 project and generate synthetic datasets that mimic the expected photometric selections of LSST after one (Y1) and ten (Y10) years of observation. We construct 501 degraded realisations by sampling galaxy colours, magnitudes, redshifts and spectroscopic success rates, in order to emulate the compilation of a wide array of realistic spectroscopic surveys. Augmenting the degraded mock datasets with simulated galaxies from the independent CosmoDC2 catalogues has markedly improved the performance of our photometric redshift estimates compared to models lacking this augmentation, particularly for high-redshift galaxies ($z_\mathrm{true} \gtrsim 1.5$). This improvement is manifested in notably reduced systematic biases and a decrease in catastrophic failures by up to approximately a factor of 2, along with a reduction in information loss in the conditional density estimations. These results underscore the effectiveness of SOM-based augmentation in refining photometric redshift estimation, thereby enabling more robust analyses in cosmology and astrophysics for the NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory.
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publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Improved photometric redshift estimations through self-organising map-based data augmentation
Zhang, Yun-Hao
Zuntz, Joe
Moskowitz, Irene
Gawiser, Eric
Kuijken, Konrad
Asgari, Marika
Hoekstra, Henk
Malz, Alex I.
Yan, Ziang
Zhang, Tianqing
Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
We introduce a framework for the enhanced estimation of photometric redshifts using Self-Organising Maps (SOMs). Our method projects galaxy Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) onto a two-dimensional map, identifying regions that are sparsely sampled by existing spectroscopic observations. These under-sampled areas are then augmented with simulated galaxies, yielding a more representative spectroscopic training dataset. To assess the efficacy of this SOM-based data augmentation in the context of the forthcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), we employ mock galaxy catalogues from the OpenUniverse2024 project and generate synthetic datasets that mimic the expected photometric selections of LSST after one (Y1) and ten (Y10) years of observation. We construct 501 degraded realisations by sampling galaxy colours, magnitudes, redshifts and spectroscopic success rates, in order to emulate the compilation of a wide array of realistic spectroscopic surveys. Augmenting the degraded mock datasets with simulated galaxies from the independent CosmoDC2 catalogues has markedly improved the performance of our photometric redshift estimates compared to models lacking this augmentation, particularly for high-redshift galaxies ($z_\mathrm{true} \gtrsim 1.5$). This improvement is manifested in notably reduced systematic biases and a decrease in catastrophic failures by up to approximately a factor of 2, along with a reduction in information loss in the conditional density estimations. These results underscore the effectiveness of SOM-based augmentation in refining photometric redshift estimation, thereby enabling more robust analyses in cosmology and astrophysics for the NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory.
title Improved photometric redshift estimations through self-organising map-based data augmentation
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20903