Dynamics of the Fermion-Rotor System

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Loladze, Vazha, Okui, Takemichi, Tong, David
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Loladze, Vazha
Okui, Takemichi
Tong, David
author_facet Loladze, Vazha
Okui, Takemichi
Tong, David
contents We explore the dynamics of the fermion-rotor system, a simple impurity model in d=1+1 dimensions that consists of a collection of purely right-moving fermions interacting with a quantum mechanical rotor localised at the origin. This was first introduced by Polchinski as a toy model for monopole-fermion scattering and is surprisingly subtle, with ingoing and outgoing fermions carrying different quantum numbers. We show that the rotor acts as a twist operator in the low-energy theory, changing the quantum numbers of excitations that have previously passed through the origin to ensure scattering consistent with all symmetries. We further show how generalisations of this model with multiple rotors and unequal charges can be viewed as a UV-completion of boundary states for chiral theories, including the well-studied 3450 model. We compute correlation functions between ingoing and outgoing fermions and show that fermions dressed with the rotor degree of freedom act as local operators and create single-particle states, generalising an earlier result obtained in a theory with a single rotor and equal charges. Finally, we point out a mod 2 anomaly in these models that descends from the Witten anomaly in 4d
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2508_21059
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dynamics of the Fermion-Rotor System
Loladze, Vazha
Okui, Takemichi
Tong, David
High Energy Physics - Theory
Strongly Correlated Electrons
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
We explore the dynamics of the fermion-rotor system, a simple impurity model in d=1+1 dimensions that consists of a collection of purely right-moving fermions interacting with a quantum mechanical rotor localised at the origin. This was first introduced by Polchinski as a toy model for monopole-fermion scattering and is surprisingly subtle, with ingoing and outgoing fermions carrying different quantum numbers. We show that the rotor acts as a twist operator in the low-energy theory, changing the quantum numbers of excitations that have previously passed through the origin to ensure scattering consistent with all symmetries. We further show how generalisations of this model with multiple rotors and unequal charges can be viewed as a UV-completion of boundary states for chiral theories, including the well-studied 3450 model. We compute correlation functions between ingoing and outgoing fermions and show that fermions dressed with the rotor degree of freedom act as local operators and create single-particle states, generalising an earlier result obtained in a theory with a single rotor and equal charges. Finally, we point out a mod 2 anomaly in these models that descends from the Witten anomaly in 4d
title Dynamics of the Fermion-Rotor System
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
Strongly Correlated Electrons
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21059