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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haçarız, Oytun, Kleinow, Torsten, Macdonald, Angus S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00011
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author Haçarız, Oytun
Kleinow, Torsten
Macdonald, Angus S.
author_facet Haçarız, Oytun
Kleinow, Torsten
Macdonald, Angus S.
contents We review Markov models of surplus in life insurance based on a counting process following Norberg (1991), uniting probabilistic theory with elements of practice largely drawn from UK experience. First, we organize models systematically based on one and two technical bases, including a suitable descriptive notation. Extending this to three technical bases to accommodate different valuation approaches leads us: (a) to expand the definition of 'technical basis' to include non-contractual cashflows recognized in the associated Thiele equation; and (b) to add new (mainly) systematic terms to the surplus. Making these cashflows dynamic or 'quasi-contractual' covers many real applications, and we give two as examples, the paid-up valuation principle and reversionary bonus on participating contracts.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00011
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A review of the Markov model of life insurance with a view to surplus
Haçarız, Oytun
Kleinow, Torsten
Macdonald, Angus S.
Pricing of Securities
Probability
We review Markov models of surplus in life insurance based on a counting process following Norberg (1991), uniting probabilistic theory with elements of practice largely drawn from UK experience. First, we organize models systematically based on one and two technical bases, including a suitable descriptive notation. Extending this to three technical bases to accommodate different valuation approaches leads us: (a) to expand the definition of 'technical basis' to include non-contractual cashflows recognized in the associated Thiele equation; and (b) to add new (mainly) systematic terms to the surplus. Making these cashflows dynamic or 'quasi-contractual' covers many real applications, and we give two as examples, the paid-up valuation principle and reversionary bonus on participating contracts.
title A review of the Markov model of life insurance with a view to surplus
topic Pricing of Securities
Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00011