More than Carbon: Cradle-to-Grave environmental impacts of GenAI training on the Nvidia A100 GPU

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Falk, Sophia, Ekchajzer, David, Pirson, Thibault, Lees-Perasso, Etienne, Wattiez, Augustin, Biber-Freudenberger, Lisa, Luccioni, Sasha, van Wynsberghe, Aimee
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Falk, Sophia
Ekchajzer, David
Pirson, Thibault
Lees-Perasso, Etienne
Wattiez, Augustin
Biber-Freudenberger, Lisa
Luccioni, Sasha
van Wynsberghe, Aimee
author_facet Falk, Sophia
Ekchajzer, David
Pirson, Thibault
Lees-Perasso, Etienne
Wattiez, Augustin
Biber-Freudenberger, Lisa
Luccioni, Sasha
van Wynsberghe, Aimee
contents The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has intensified concerns about its environmental sustainability. Current assessments focus on operational carbon emissions using secondary data, overlooking impacts in other life cycle stages. This study presents a comprehensive multi-criteria life cycle assessment of AI training, examining 16 environmental impact categories using primary data from the Nvidia A100 SXM 40 GB GPU. Results for GPT-4 training show that the use phase dominates 10 categories, contributing 96% to climate change and fossil fuel depletion. Manufacturing dominates 6 categories, including human toxicity (94%) and freshwater eutrophication (81%). The GPU chip is the largest contributor in 10 categories, particularly climate change (81%) and fossil resource use (80%). While primary data produces modest changes in carbon estimates, substantial variations emerge elsewhere, e.g. minerals and metals depletion increases by 33%. This analysis expands the Sustainable AI discourse beyond carbon emissions, challenging current sustainability narratives.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00093
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle More than Carbon: Cradle-to-Grave environmental impacts of GenAI training on the Nvidia A100 GPU
Falk, Sophia
Ekchajzer, David
Pirson, Thibault
Lees-Perasso, Etienne
Wattiez, Augustin
Biber-Freudenberger, Lisa
Luccioni, Sasha
van Wynsberghe, Aimee
Computers and Society
The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has intensified concerns about its environmental sustainability. Current assessments focus on operational carbon emissions using secondary data, overlooking impacts in other life cycle stages. This study presents a comprehensive multi-criteria life cycle assessment of AI training, examining 16 environmental impact categories using primary data from the Nvidia A100 SXM 40 GB GPU. Results for GPT-4 training show that the use phase dominates 10 categories, contributing 96% to climate change and fossil fuel depletion. Manufacturing dominates 6 categories, including human toxicity (94%) and freshwater eutrophication (81%). The GPU chip is the largest contributor in 10 categories, particularly climate change (81%) and fossil resource use (80%). While primary data produces modest changes in carbon estimates, substantial variations emerge elsewhere, e.g. minerals and metals depletion increases by 33%. This analysis expands the Sustainable AI discourse beyond carbon emissions, challenging current sustainability narratives.
title More than Carbon: Cradle-to-Grave environmental impacts of GenAI training on the Nvidia A100 GPU
topic Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00093