Embodied AI: Emerging Risks and Opportunities for Policy Action

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Perlo, Jared, Robey, Alexander, Barez, Fazl, Floridi, Luciano, Mökander, Jakob
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Perlo, Jared
Robey, Alexander
Barez, Fazl
Floridi, Luciano
Mökander, Jakob
author_facet Perlo, Jared
Robey, Alexander
Barez, Fazl
Floridi, Luciano
Mökander, Jakob
contents The field of embodied AI (EAI) is rapidly advancing. Unlike virtual AI, EAI systems can exist in, learn from, reason about, and act in the physical world. With recent advances in AI models and hardware, EAI systems are becoming increasingly capable across wider operational domains. While EAI systems can offer many benefits, they also pose significant risks, including physical harm from malicious use, mass surveillance, as well as economic and societal disruption. These risks require urgent attention from policymakers, as existing policies governing industrial robots and autonomous vehicles are insufficient to address the full range of concerns EAI systems present. To help address this issue, this paper makes three contributions. First, we provide a taxonomy of the physical, informational, economic, and social risks EAI systems pose. Second, we analyze policies in the US, EU, and UK to assess how existing frameworks address these risks and to identify critical gaps. We conclude by offering policy recommendations for the safe and beneficial deployment of EAI systems, such as mandatory testing and certification schemes, clarified liability frameworks, and strategies to manage EAI's potentially transformative economic and societal impacts.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00117
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Embodied AI: Emerging Risks and Opportunities for Policy Action
Perlo, Jared
Robey, Alexander
Barez, Fazl
Floridi, Luciano
Mökander, Jakob
Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
The field of embodied AI (EAI) is rapidly advancing. Unlike virtual AI, EAI systems can exist in, learn from, reason about, and act in the physical world. With recent advances in AI models and hardware, EAI systems are becoming increasingly capable across wider operational domains. While EAI systems can offer many benefits, they also pose significant risks, including physical harm from malicious use, mass surveillance, as well as economic and societal disruption. These risks require urgent attention from policymakers, as existing policies governing industrial robots and autonomous vehicles are insufficient to address the full range of concerns EAI systems present. To help address this issue, this paper makes three contributions. First, we provide a taxonomy of the physical, informational, economic, and social risks EAI systems pose. Second, we analyze policies in the US, EU, and UK to assess how existing frameworks address these risks and to identify critical gaps. We conclude by offering policy recommendations for the safe and beneficial deployment of EAI systems, such as mandatory testing and certification schemes, clarified liability frameworks, and strategies to manage EAI's potentially transformative economic and societal impacts.
title Embodied AI: Emerging Risks and Opportunities for Policy Action
topic Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00117