Beyond Neutrino Mass: Observable $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillations in UV Complete Seesaw Models
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914066303287296 |
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| author | Dorsner, Ilja Fajfer, Svjetlana Saad, Shaikh |
| author_facet | Dorsner, Ilja Fajfer, Svjetlana Saad, Shaikh |
| contents | Next-generation experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the European Spallation Source, are set to improve sensitivity to neutron-antineutron oscillation, a direct probe of $ΔB = 2$ baryon number violation, with particularly significant gains expected at the latter. The discovery of such a rare $ΔB = 2$ process would indicate physics beyond the Standard Model and could point to specific unified theories that allow observable $n-\overline{n}$ transitions. We accordingly examine $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations within a unified framework that accounts for charged fermion masses and generates viable neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. More specifically, we show that $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations can arise from two specific topologies within two distinct $SU(5)$ scenarios. One topology requires a presence of two color-sextet scalars in the Type II seesaw framework, whereas the other involves a scalar sextet and a color-octet fermion in the Type III seesaw framework. While the former topology can be realized in the $SO(10)$/Pati-Salam frameworks, the latter finds a natural embedding in $SU(5)$, which constitutes one of the key novelties of our work. Remarkably enough, the same dynamics responsible for fermion masses also induces baryon number violation, thus linking $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations to the flavor structure of the theory. We show that, given a TeV-scale mass for one of the colored states, upcoming searches for such $ΔB = 2$ processes can probe for a presence of the other colored states with masses up to $10^{11}\,\mathrm{GeV}$, well beyond the reach of colliders. This positions $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations as a rare low-energy portal to grand unification and ultra-heavy new physics. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00145 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Beyond Neutrino Mass: Observable $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillations in UV Complete Seesaw Models Dorsner, Ilja Fajfer, Svjetlana Saad, Shaikh High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Next-generation experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the European Spallation Source, are set to improve sensitivity to neutron-antineutron oscillation, a direct probe of $ΔB = 2$ baryon number violation, with particularly significant gains expected at the latter. The discovery of such a rare $ΔB = 2$ process would indicate physics beyond the Standard Model and could point to specific unified theories that allow observable $n-\overline{n}$ transitions. We accordingly examine $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations within a unified framework that accounts for charged fermion masses and generates viable neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. More specifically, we show that $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations can arise from two specific topologies within two distinct $SU(5)$ scenarios. One topology requires a presence of two color-sextet scalars in the Type II seesaw framework, whereas the other involves a scalar sextet and a color-octet fermion in the Type III seesaw framework. While the former topology can be realized in the $SO(10)$/Pati-Salam frameworks, the latter finds a natural embedding in $SU(5)$, which constitutes one of the key novelties of our work. Remarkably enough, the same dynamics responsible for fermion masses also induces baryon number violation, thus linking $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations to the flavor structure of the theory. We show that, given a TeV-scale mass for one of the colored states, upcoming searches for such $ΔB = 2$ processes can probe for a presence of the other colored states with masses up to $10^{11}\,\mathrm{GeV}$, well beyond the reach of colliders. This positions $n-\overline{n}$ oscillations as a rare low-energy portal to grand unification and ultra-heavy new physics. |
| title | Beyond Neutrino Mass: Observable $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillations in UV Complete Seesaw Models |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00145 |