Explainable Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: An Empirical Analysis on State-Aware Reasoning Dynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yu, Sheldon, Xiong, Yuxin, Wu, Junda, Li, Xintong, Yu, Tong, Chen, Xiang, Sinha, Ritwik, Shang, Jingbo, McAuley, Julian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yu, Sheldon
Xiong, Yuxin
Wu, Junda
Li, Xintong
Yu, Tong
Chen, Xiang
Sinha, Ritwik
Shang, Jingbo
McAuley, Julian
author_facet Yu, Sheldon
Xiong, Yuxin
Wu, Junda
Li, Xintong
Yu, Tong
Chen, Xiang
Sinha, Ritwik
Shang, Jingbo
McAuley, Julian
contents Recent advances in chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting have enabled large language models (LLMs) to perform multi-step reasoning. However, the explainability of such reasoning remains limited, with prior work primarily focusing on local token-level attribution, such that the high-level semantic roles of reasoning steps and their transitions remain underexplored. In this paper, we introduce a state-aware transition framework that abstracts CoT trajectories into structured latent dynamics. Specifically, to capture the evolving semantics of CoT reasoning, each reasoning step is represented via spectral analysis of token-level embeddings and clustered into semantically coherent latent states. To characterize the global structure of reasoning, we model their progression as a Markov chain, yielding a structured and interpretable view of the reasoning process. This abstraction supports a range of analyses, including semantic role identification, temporal pattern visualization, and consistency evaluation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00190
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explainable Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: An Empirical Analysis on State-Aware Reasoning Dynamics
Yu, Sheldon
Xiong, Yuxin
Wu, Junda
Li, Xintong
Yu, Tong
Chen, Xiang
Sinha, Ritwik
Shang, Jingbo
McAuley, Julian
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Recent advances in chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting have enabled large language models (LLMs) to perform multi-step reasoning. However, the explainability of such reasoning remains limited, with prior work primarily focusing on local token-level attribution, such that the high-level semantic roles of reasoning steps and their transitions remain underexplored. In this paper, we introduce a state-aware transition framework that abstracts CoT trajectories into structured latent dynamics. Specifically, to capture the evolving semantics of CoT reasoning, each reasoning step is represented via spectral analysis of token-level embeddings and clustered into semantically coherent latent states. To characterize the global structure of reasoning, we model their progression as a Markov chain, yielding a structured and interpretable view of the reasoning process. This abstraction supports a range of analyses, including semantic role identification, temporal pattern visualization, and consistency evaluation.
title Explainable Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: An Empirical Analysis on State-Aware Reasoning Dynamics
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00190