Exploring the Capabilities of Astrophotonics for the Precise Alignment of Segmented Telescopes

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Hauptverfasser: Cuevas, Maria, Sengupta, Aditya R., Chambouleyron, Vincent, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Dillon, Daren, Cetre, Sylvain, Salama, Maïssa, Dobias, Caleb, Crowe, Tara, Eikenberry, Stephen, Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo, Yerolatsitis, Stephanos
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Cuevas, Maria
Sengupta, Aditya R.
Chambouleyron, Vincent
Jensen-Clem, Rebecca
Dillon, Daren
Cetre, Sylvain
Salama, Maïssa
Dobias, Caleb
Crowe, Tara
Eikenberry, Stephen
Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo
Yerolatsitis, Stephanos
author_facet Cuevas, Maria
Sengupta, Aditya R.
Chambouleyron, Vincent
Jensen-Clem, Rebecca
Dillon, Daren
Cetre, Sylvain
Salama, Maïssa
Dobias, Caleb
Crowe, Tara
Eikenberry, Stephen
Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo
Yerolatsitis, Stephanos
contents The next generation of large telescopes for direct imaging of exoplanets will require segmented primary mirrors. Over both long and short timescales, these telescopes experience segment misalignments which degrade the final science image. Adaptive optics (AO) systems can be used to correct these aberrations in real time. AO systems require wavefront sensors (WFSs) that measure the phase of the incoming light in order to reconstruct optical aberrations. However, most WFSs used for sensing atmospheric turbulence cannot correctly detect aberrations induced by misalignments in segmented telescopes, as they show poor sensitivity to phase discontinuities. We investigate the potential of photonic lanterns (PLs), which are waveguides that allow for the low-loss transmission from multi-mode to multiple single-mode optical signals, for sensing segment misalignments at the focal plane. We assess the ability of PLs to measure piston offsets in segmented mirrors through both simulations and laboratory experiments. We simulate the photonic lantern and demonstrate linear reconstruction on segment pistons. Further, we train a neural network to reconstruct aberrations outside of the linear regime. We experimentally validate reconstruction of segment piston offsets on the Miniature Infrared SEAL (muirSEAL) testbed, which includes a segmented deformable mirror, a PSF imaging branch, and a PL. This work demonstrates the potential of the PL as a compact WFS for future space- and ground-based segmented-mirror telescopes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00283
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exploring the Capabilities of Astrophotonics for the Precise Alignment of Segmented Telescopes
Cuevas, Maria
Sengupta, Aditya R.
Chambouleyron, Vincent
Jensen-Clem, Rebecca
Dillon, Daren
Cetre, Sylvain
Salama, Maïssa
Dobias, Caleb
Crowe, Tara
Eikenberry, Stephen
Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo
Yerolatsitis, Stephanos
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
The next generation of large telescopes for direct imaging of exoplanets will require segmented primary mirrors. Over both long and short timescales, these telescopes experience segment misalignments which degrade the final science image. Adaptive optics (AO) systems can be used to correct these aberrations in real time. AO systems require wavefront sensors (WFSs) that measure the phase of the incoming light in order to reconstruct optical aberrations. However, most WFSs used for sensing atmospheric turbulence cannot correctly detect aberrations induced by misalignments in segmented telescopes, as they show poor sensitivity to phase discontinuities. We investigate the potential of photonic lanterns (PLs), which are waveguides that allow for the low-loss transmission from multi-mode to multiple single-mode optical signals, for sensing segment misalignments at the focal plane. We assess the ability of PLs to measure piston offsets in segmented mirrors through both simulations and laboratory experiments. We simulate the photonic lantern and demonstrate linear reconstruction on segment pistons. Further, we train a neural network to reconstruct aberrations outside of the linear regime. We experimentally validate reconstruction of segment piston offsets on the Miniature Infrared SEAL (muirSEAL) testbed, which includes a segmented deformable mirror, a PSF imaging branch, and a PL. This work demonstrates the potential of the PL as a compact WFS for future space- and ground-based segmented-mirror telescopes.
title Exploring the Capabilities of Astrophotonics for the Precise Alignment of Segmented Telescopes
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00283