Computational approaches for virus host prediction: A review of methods and applications

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Shang, Jiayu, Peng, Cheng, Guan, Jiaojiao, Cai, Dehan, Wang, Donglin, Sun, Yanni
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Shang, Jiayu
Peng, Cheng
Guan, Jiaojiao
Cai, Dehan
Wang, Donglin
Sun, Yanni
author_facet Shang, Jiayu
Peng, Cheng
Guan, Jiaojiao
Cai, Dehan
Wang, Donglin
Sun, Yanni
contents Accurate prediction of virus-host interactions is critical for understanding viral ecology and developing applications like phage therapy. However, the growing number of computational tools has created a complex landscape, making direct performance comparison challenging due to inconsistent benchmarks and varying usability. Here, we provide a systematic review and a rigorous benchmark of 27 virus-host prediction tools. We formulate the host prediction task into two primary frameworks, link prediction and multi-class classification, and construct two benchmark datasets to evaluate tool performance in distinct scenarios: a database-centric dataset (RefSeq-VHDB) and a metagenomic discovery dataset (MetaHiC-VHDB). Our results reveal that no single tool is universally optimal. Performance is highly context-dependent, with tools like CHERRY and iPHoP demonstrating robust, broad applicability, while others, such as RaFAH and PHIST, excel in specific contexts. We further identify a critical trade-off between predictive accuracy, prediction rate, and computational cost. This work serves as a practical guide for researchers and establishes a standardized benchmark to drive future innovation in deciphering complex virus-host interactions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00349
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Computational approaches for virus host prediction: A review of methods and applications
Shang, Jiayu
Peng, Cheng
Guan, Jiaojiao
Cai, Dehan
Wang, Donglin
Sun, Yanni
Genomics
Accurate prediction of virus-host interactions is critical for understanding viral ecology and developing applications like phage therapy. However, the growing number of computational tools has created a complex landscape, making direct performance comparison challenging due to inconsistent benchmarks and varying usability. Here, we provide a systematic review and a rigorous benchmark of 27 virus-host prediction tools. We formulate the host prediction task into two primary frameworks, link prediction and multi-class classification, and construct two benchmark datasets to evaluate tool performance in distinct scenarios: a database-centric dataset (RefSeq-VHDB) and a metagenomic discovery dataset (MetaHiC-VHDB). Our results reveal that no single tool is universally optimal. Performance is highly context-dependent, with tools like CHERRY and iPHoP demonstrating robust, broad applicability, while others, such as RaFAH and PHIST, excel in specific contexts. We further identify a critical trade-off between predictive accuracy, prediction rate, and computational cost. This work serves as a practical guide for researchers and establishes a standardized benchmark to drive future innovation in deciphering complex virus-host interactions.
title Computational approaches for virus host prediction: A review of methods and applications
topic Genomics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00349