Extreme dynamics and relaxation of quantum gases: A hydrodynamic approach

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Main Authors: Mukherjee, Ritwik, Dhar, Abhishek, Kulkarni, Manas, Ray, Samriddhi Sankar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mukherjee, Ritwik
Dhar, Abhishek
Kulkarni, Manas
Ray, Samriddhi Sankar
author_facet Mukherjee, Ritwik
Dhar, Abhishek
Kulkarni, Manas
Ray, Samriddhi Sankar
contents The evolution of quantum gases, released from traps, are studied through hydrodynamics, both analytically and numerically, in one and two dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of long time self-similar solutions of the Euler equations, for the density and velocity fields, and derive the scaling exponents as well as the scaling functions. We find that the expanding gas develops a shock front and the size of the cloud grows in time as a powerlaw. We relate the associated exponent to that appearing in the corresponding equation of state of the quantum gas. Furthermore, we study the relaxation dynamics of a trapped quantum gas and show that the resulting steady state is in excellent agreement with that derived analytically. Our hydrodynamic approach is versatile and can be used to unravel several other far-from-equilibrium collective phenomenon of extreme nature, relevant to the growing experimental interests in quantum gases.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00399
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Extreme dynamics and relaxation of quantum gases: A hydrodynamic approach
Mukherjee, Ritwik
Dhar, Abhishek
Kulkarni, Manas
Ray, Samriddhi Sankar
Quantum Gases
Statistical Mechanics
Fluid Dynamics
The evolution of quantum gases, released from traps, are studied through hydrodynamics, both analytically and numerically, in one and two dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of long time self-similar solutions of the Euler equations, for the density and velocity fields, and derive the scaling exponents as well as the scaling functions. We find that the expanding gas develops a shock front and the size of the cloud grows in time as a powerlaw. We relate the associated exponent to that appearing in the corresponding equation of state of the quantum gas. Furthermore, we study the relaxation dynamics of a trapped quantum gas and show that the resulting steady state is in excellent agreement with that derived analytically. Our hydrodynamic approach is versatile and can be used to unravel several other far-from-equilibrium collective phenomenon of extreme nature, relevant to the growing experimental interests in quantum gases.
title Extreme dynamics and relaxation of quantum gases: A hydrodynamic approach
topic Quantum Gases
Statistical Mechanics
Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00399