Measure Selection for Functional Linear Model

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Iao, Su I, Müller, Hans-Georg
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Iao, Su I
Müller, Hans-Georg
author_facet Iao, Su I
Müller, Hans-Georg
contents Advancements in modern science have led to an increased prevalence of functional data, which are usually viewed as elements of the space of square-integrable functions $L^2$. Core methods in functional data analysis, such as functional principal component analysis, are typically grounded in the Hilbert structure of $L^2$ and rely on inner products based on integrals with respect to the Lebesgue measure over a fixed domain. A more flexible framework is proposed, where the measure can be arbitrary, allowing natural extensions to unbounded domains and prompting the question of optimal measure choice. Specifically, a novel functional linear model is introduced that incorporates a data-adaptive choice of the measure that defines the space, alongside an enhanced function principal component analysis. Selecting a good measure can improve the model's predictive performance, especially when the underlying processes are not well-represented when adopting the default Lebesgue measure. Simulations, as well as applications to COVID-19 data and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the conventional functional linear model.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00583
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Measure Selection for Functional Linear Model
Iao, Su I
Müller, Hans-Georg
Methodology
Advancements in modern science have led to an increased prevalence of functional data, which are usually viewed as elements of the space of square-integrable functions $L^2$. Core methods in functional data analysis, such as functional principal component analysis, are typically grounded in the Hilbert structure of $L^2$ and rely on inner products based on integrals with respect to the Lebesgue measure over a fixed domain. A more flexible framework is proposed, where the measure can be arbitrary, allowing natural extensions to unbounded domains and prompting the question of optimal measure choice. Specifically, a novel functional linear model is introduced that incorporates a data-adaptive choice of the measure that defines the space, alongside an enhanced function principal component analysis. Selecting a good measure can improve the model's predictive performance, especially when the underlying processes are not well-represented when adopting the default Lebesgue measure. Simulations, as well as applications to COVID-19 data and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, show that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the conventional functional linear model.
title Measure Selection for Functional Linear Model
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00583