X-PRINT:Platform-Agnostic and Scalable Fine-Grained Encrypted Traffic Fingerprinting

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhu, YuKun, Hua, ManYuan, Huang, Hai, Zhang, YongZhao, Yang, Jie, Xu, FengHua, Chen, RuiDong, Zhang, XiaoSong, Yu, JiGuo, Ma, Yong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhu, YuKun
Hua, ManYuan
Huang, Hai
Zhang, YongZhao
Yang, Jie
Xu, FengHua
Chen, RuiDong
Zhang, XiaoSong
Yu, JiGuo
Ma, Yong
author_facet Zhu, YuKun
Hua, ManYuan
Huang, Hai
Zhang, YongZhao
Yang, Jie
Xu, FengHua
Chen, RuiDong
Zhang, XiaoSong
Yu, JiGuo
Ma, Yong
contents Although encryption protocols such as TLS are widely de-ployed,side-channel metadata in encrypted traffic still reveals patterns that allow application and behavior inference.How-ever,existing fine-grained fingerprinting approaches face two key limitations:(i)reliance on platform-dependent charac-teristics,which restricts generalization across heterogeneous platforms,and(ii)poor scalability for fine-grained behavior identification in open-world settings. In this paper,we present X-PRINT,the first server-centric,URI-based framework for cross-platform fine-grained encrypted-traffic fingerprinting.X-PRINT systematically demonstrates that backend URI invocation patterns can serve as platform-agnostic invariants and are effective for mod-eling fine-grained behaviors.To achieve robust identifica-tion,X-PRINT further leverages temporally structured URI maps for behavior inference and emphasizes the exclusion of platform-or application-specific private URIs to handle unseen cases,thereby improving reliability in open-world and cross-platform settings.Extensive experiments across diverse cross-platform and open-world settings show that X-PRINT achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in fine-grained fingerprint-ing and exhibits strong scalability and robustness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00706
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle X-PRINT:Platform-Agnostic and Scalable Fine-Grained Encrypted Traffic Fingerprinting
Zhu, YuKun
Hua, ManYuan
Huang, Hai
Zhang, YongZhao
Yang, Jie
Xu, FengHua
Chen, RuiDong
Zhang, XiaoSong
Yu, JiGuo
Ma, Yong
Cryptography and Security
Although encryption protocols such as TLS are widely de-ployed,side-channel metadata in encrypted traffic still reveals patterns that allow application and behavior inference.How-ever,existing fine-grained fingerprinting approaches face two key limitations:(i)reliance on platform-dependent charac-teristics,which restricts generalization across heterogeneous platforms,and(ii)poor scalability for fine-grained behavior identification in open-world settings. In this paper,we present X-PRINT,the first server-centric,URI-based framework for cross-platform fine-grained encrypted-traffic fingerprinting.X-PRINT systematically demonstrates that backend URI invocation patterns can serve as platform-agnostic invariants and are effective for mod-eling fine-grained behaviors.To achieve robust identifica-tion,X-PRINT further leverages temporally structured URI maps for behavior inference and emphasizes the exclusion of platform-or application-specific private URIs to handle unseen cases,thereby improving reliability in open-world and cross-platform settings.Extensive experiments across diverse cross-platform and open-world settings show that X-PRINT achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in fine-grained fingerprint-ing and exhibits strong scalability and robustness.
title X-PRINT:Platform-Agnostic and Scalable Fine-Grained Encrypted Traffic Fingerprinting
topic Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00706