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Improved characterization of the TOI-2141 system: a dense sub-Neptune with non-transiting inner and outer companions

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Luque, R., Lam, K. W. F., Cabrera, J., Bonfanti, A., Eschen, Y. N. E., Olofsson, G., Benz, W., Billot, N., Brandeker, A., Correia, A. C. M., Fossati, L., Gandolfi, D., Osborn, H. P., Pezzotti, C., Sousa, S. G., Wilson, T. G., Wolf, S., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Barrado, D., Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Biondi, F., Borsato, L., Broeg, C., Cameron, A. Collier, Csizmadia, Sz., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Egger, J. A., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fridlund, M., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Günther, M. N., Heitzmann, A., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Keller, T., Kiss, L. L., Korth, J., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Leleu, A., Lendl, M., Magrin, D., Mantovan, G., Maxted, P. F. L., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Szabó, Gy. M., Udry, S., Ulmer, B., Ulmer-Moll, S., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., Walton, N. A., Wolter, D.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Luque, R. Lam, K. W. F. Cabrera, J. Bonfanti, A. Eschen, Y. N. E. Olofsson, G. Benz, W. Billot, N. Brandeker, A. Correia, A. C. M. Fossati, L. Gandolfi, D. Osborn, H. P. Pezzotti, C. Sousa, S. G. Wilson, T. G. Wolf, S. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Biondi, F. Borsato, L. Broeg, C. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Egger, J. A. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Keller, T. Kiss, L. L. Korth, J. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Magrin, D. Mantovan, G. Maxted, P. F. L. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer, B. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Wolter, D.
author_facet	Luque, R. Lam, K. W. F. Cabrera, J. Bonfanti, A. Eschen, Y. N. E. Olofsson, G. Benz, W. Billot, N. Brandeker, A. Correia, A. C. M. Fossati, L. Gandolfi, D. Osborn, H. P. Pezzotti, C. Sousa, S. G. Wilson, T. G. Wolf, S. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Biondi, F. Borsato, L. Broeg, C. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Egger, J. A. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Keller, T. Kiss, L. L. Korth, J. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Magrin, D. Mantovan, G. Maxted, P. F. L. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer, B. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Wolter, D.
contents	We aim to refine the fundamental parameters of the TOI-2141 planetary system, which includes a transiting sub-Neptune orbiting a Sun-like star in a relatively long orbit of 18.26 days, by combining new photometric and spectroscopic observations. We analyze new space-based photometry from TESS and CHEOPS as well as 61 radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N. We perform individual and joint photometric and RV analyses using several modeling tools within a Bayesian model comparison framework. We refine the radius and mass of the transiting planet TOI-2141 b to 3.15 $\pm$ 0.04 $R_\oplus$ and 20.1 $\pm$ 1.6 $M_\oplus$, respectively, five and two times more precise than the previously reported values. Our radial velocity analysis reveals two additional non-transiting companions with orbital periods of 5.46 and 60.45 days. Despite the innermost planet's high geometric transit probability, we find no evidence for transits in the photometric data. The bulk properties of TOI-2141 b suggest a significant volatile envelope atop an Earth-like core, with modeling indicating a hydrogen-rich atmosphere that may have experienced mild photoevaporation over the system's history. Planets b and c must exhibit a modest mutual inclination of at least 2.4 degrees.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00762
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Improved characterization of the TOI-2141 system: a dense sub-Neptune with non-transiting inner and outer companions Luque, R. Lam, K. W. F. Cabrera, J. Bonfanti, A. Eschen, Y. N. E. Olofsson, G. Benz, W. Billot, N. Brandeker, A. Correia, A. C. M. Fossati, L. Gandolfi, D. Osborn, H. P. Pezzotti, C. Sousa, S. G. Wilson, T. G. Wolf, S. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Biondi, F. Borsato, L. Broeg, C. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Egger, J. A. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Keller, T. Kiss, L. L. Korth, J. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Magrin, D. Mantovan, G. Maxted, P. F. L. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer, B. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Wolter, D. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics We aim to refine the fundamental parameters of the TOI-2141 planetary system, which includes a transiting sub-Neptune orbiting a Sun-like star in a relatively long orbit of 18.26 days, by combining new photometric and spectroscopic observations. We analyze new space-based photometry from TESS and CHEOPS as well as 61 radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N. We perform individual and joint photometric and RV analyses using several modeling tools within a Bayesian model comparison framework. We refine the radius and mass of the transiting planet TOI-2141 b to 3.15 $\pm$ 0.04 $R_\oplus$ and 20.1 $\pm$ 1.6 $M_\oplus$, respectively, five and two times more precise than the previously reported values. Our radial velocity analysis reveals two additional non-transiting companions with orbital periods of 5.46 and 60.45 days. Despite the innermost planet's high geometric transit probability, we find no evidence for transits in the photometric data. The bulk properties of TOI-2141 b suggest a significant volatile envelope atop an Earth-like core, with modeling indicating a hydrogen-rich atmosphere that may have experienced mild photoevaporation over the system's history. Planets b and c must exhibit a modest mutual inclination of at least 2.4 degrees.
title	Improved characterization of the TOI-2141 system: a dense sub-Neptune with non-transiting inner and outer companions
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00762