Non-Foster Photonic Time Crystals

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Zeyuan, Mirmoosa, Mohammad Sajjad, Hrabar, Silvio, Asadchy, Viktar, Wang, Xuchen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Zeyuan
Mirmoosa, Mohammad Sajjad
Hrabar, Silvio
Asadchy, Viktar
Wang, Xuchen
author_facet Li, Zeyuan
Mirmoosa, Mohammad Sajjad
Hrabar, Silvio
Asadchy, Viktar
Wang, Xuchen
contents Photonic time crystals (PhTCs) are spatially uniform media whose material parameters vary periodically in time, opening momentum bandgaps within which the fields of electromagnetic modes can grow exponentially in time. To date, PhTCs have utilized only passive, lossless materials with "positive" dispersion (Foster materials), and a theoretical framework addressing active materials with "negative" dispersion (non-Foster materials) in PhTCs and their associated physical properties remains undeveloped. Here, we explore the two classes of isotropic PhTCs with embedded non-Foster inclusions: a bulk medium with periodically modulated negative permittivity, and a metasurface whose surface capacitance alternates between positive and negative values. Employing an analytical transfer-matrix formulation, we demonstrate that non-Foster permittivity modulation not only broadens momentum bandgaps without bounds but also provides a gain rate that increases linearly with momentum. Remarkably, the proposed isotropic PhTCs support exponential amplification down to zero frequency-a regime inaccessible in conventional isotropic PhTCs. These results open new avenues for ultra-broadband wave control, high-gain signal processing, and energy-harvesting devices that leverage the unique dispersion of active, time-modulated circuitry.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_00795
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Non-Foster Photonic Time Crystals
Li, Zeyuan
Mirmoosa, Mohammad Sajjad
Hrabar, Silvio
Asadchy, Viktar
Wang, Xuchen
Optics
Photonic time crystals (PhTCs) are spatially uniform media whose material parameters vary periodically in time, opening momentum bandgaps within which the fields of electromagnetic modes can grow exponentially in time. To date, PhTCs have utilized only passive, lossless materials with "positive" dispersion (Foster materials), and a theoretical framework addressing active materials with "negative" dispersion (non-Foster materials) in PhTCs and their associated physical properties remains undeveloped. Here, we explore the two classes of isotropic PhTCs with embedded non-Foster inclusions: a bulk medium with periodically modulated negative permittivity, and a metasurface whose surface capacitance alternates between positive and negative values. Employing an analytical transfer-matrix formulation, we demonstrate that non-Foster permittivity modulation not only broadens momentum bandgaps without bounds but also provides a gain rate that increases linearly with momentum. Remarkably, the proposed isotropic PhTCs support exponential amplification down to zero frequency-a regime inaccessible in conventional isotropic PhTCs. These results open new avenues for ultra-broadband wave control, high-gain signal processing, and energy-harvesting devices that leverage the unique dispersion of active, time-modulated circuitry.
title Non-Foster Photonic Time Crystals
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00795