The Need for Verification in AI-Driven Scientific Discovery
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866909965858373632 |
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| author | Cornelio, Cristina Ito, Takuya Cory-Wright, Ryan Dash, Sanjeeb Horesh, Lior |
| author_facet | Cornelio, Cristina Ito, Takuya Cory-Wright, Ryan Dash, Sanjeeb Horesh, Lior |
| contents | Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the practice of science. Machine learning and large language models (LLMs) can generate hypotheses at a scale and speed far exceeding traditional methods, offering the potential to accelerate discovery across diverse fields. However, the abundance of hypotheses introduces a critical challenge: without scalable and reliable mechanisms for verification, scientific progress risks being hindered rather than being advanced. In this article, we trace the historical development of scientific discovery, examine how AI is reshaping established practices for scientific discovery, and review the principal approaches, ranging from data-driven methods and knowledge-aware neural architectures to symbolic reasoning frameworks and LLM agents. While these systems can uncover patterns and propose candidate laws, their scientific value ultimately depends on rigorous and transparent verification, which we argue must be the cornerstone of AI-assisted discovery. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_01398 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Need for Verification in AI-Driven Scientific Discovery Cornelio, Cristina Ito, Takuya Cory-Wright, Ryan Dash, Sanjeeb Horesh, Lior Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the practice of science. Machine learning and large language models (LLMs) can generate hypotheses at a scale and speed far exceeding traditional methods, offering the potential to accelerate discovery across diverse fields. However, the abundance of hypotheses introduces a critical challenge: without scalable and reliable mechanisms for verification, scientific progress risks being hindered rather than being advanced. In this article, we trace the historical development of scientific discovery, examine how AI is reshaping established practices for scientific discovery, and review the principal approaches, ranging from data-driven methods and knowledge-aware neural architectures to symbolic reasoning frameworks and LLM agents. While these systems can uncover patterns and propose candidate laws, their scientific value ultimately depends on rigorous and transparent verification, which we argue must be the cornerstone of AI-assisted discovery. |
| title | The Need for Verification in AI-Driven Scientific Discovery |
| topic | Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01398 |