Non Technical Debt in Agile Software Development

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Ahmad, Muhammad Ovais, Gustavsson, Tomas
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Ahmad, Muhammad Ovais
Gustavsson, Tomas
author_facet Ahmad, Muhammad Ovais
Gustavsson, Tomas
contents NonTechnical Debt (NTD) is a common challenge in agile software development, manifesting in four critical forms, Process Debt, Social Debt, People Debt, Organizational debt. NODLA project is a collaboration between Karlstad University and four leading Swedish industrial partners, reveals how various debt types disrupt large scale Agile Software Development (ASD) environments. Through extensive surveys, indepth interviews, and statistical analyses involving a diverse group of software professionals, we identified key drivers of NTD and their impacts. Our findings emphasize (1) Well structured, highly cohesive teams learn faster, adapt more effectively, and innovate consistently. (2) Psychological safety, fostered by proactive leadership, is essential for innovation, experimentation, and keeping employees. (3) Inefficient processes and unclear roles contribute significantly to drops in job satisfaction, productivity and team morale. (4) Social fragmentation, particularly in remote and hybrid settings, breeds rework, delays, and increased costs. (5) Neglected human resource needs, such as delayed hiring or insufficient training, limit an organization ability to meet growing demands. This white paper distils these insights into practical, evidence based strategies, such as refining team composition, clarifying roles, fostering psychological safety, streamlining workflows, and embracing failure as a learning tool. By implementing these strategies, organizations can reduce NTD, reclaim agility, and unlock their teams full potential.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_01445
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Non Technical Debt in Agile Software Development
Ahmad, Muhammad Ovais
Gustavsson, Tomas
Software Engineering
NonTechnical Debt (NTD) is a common challenge in agile software development, manifesting in four critical forms, Process Debt, Social Debt, People Debt, Organizational debt. NODLA project is a collaboration between Karlstad University and four leading Swedish industrial partners, reveals how various debt types disrupt large scale Agile Software Development (ASD) environments. Through extensive surveys, indepth interviews, and statistical analyses involving a diverse group of software professionals, we identified key drivers of NTD and their impacts. Our findings emphasize (1) Well structured, highly cohesive teams learn faster, adapt more effectively, and innovate consistently. (2) Psychological safety, fostered by proactive leadership, is essential for innovation, experimentation, and keeping employees. (3) Inefficient processes and unclear roles contribute significantly to drops in job satisfaction, productivity and team morale. (4) Social fragmentation, particularly in remote and hybrid settings, breeds rework, delays, and increased costs. (5) Neglected human resource needs, such as delayed hiring or insufficient training, limit an organization ability to meet growing demands. This white paper distils these insights into practical, evidence based strategies, such as refining team composition, clarifying roles, fostering psychological safety, streamlining workflows, and embracing failure as a learning tool. By implementing these strategies, organizations can reduce NTD, reclaim agility, and unlock their teams full potential.
title Non Technical Debt in Agile Software Development
topic Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01445