SALAD -- Semantics-Aware Logical Anomaly Detection

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Main Authors: Fučka, Matic, Zavrtanik, Vitjan, Skočaj, Danijel
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Fučka, Matic
Zavrtanik, Vitjan
Skočaj, Danijel
author_facet Fučka, Matic
Zavrtanik, Vitjan
Skočaj, Danijel
contents Recent surface anomaly detection methods excel at identifying structural anomalies, such as dents and scratches, but struggle with logical anomalies, such as irregular or missing object components. The best-performing logical anomaly detection approaches rely on aggregated pretrained features or handcrafted descriptors (most often derived from composition maps), which discard spatial and semantic information, leading to suboptimal performance. We propose SALAD, a semantics-aware discriminative logical anomaly detection method that incorporates a newly proposed composition branch to explicitly model the distribution of object composition maps, consequently learning important semantic relationships. Additionally, we introduce a novel procedure for extracting composition maps that requires no hand-made labels or category-specific information, in contrast to previous methods. By effectively modelling the composition map distribution, SALAD significantly improves upon state-of-the-art methods on the standard benchmark for logical anomaly detection, MVTec LOCO, achieving an impressive image-level AUROC of 96.1%. Code: https://github.com/MaticFuc/SALAD
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_02101
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SALAD -- Semantics-Aware Logical Anomaly Detection
Fučka, Matic
Zavrtanik, Vitjan
Skočaj, Danijel
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Recent surface anomaly detection methods excel at identifying structural anomalies, such as dents and scratches, but struggle with logical anomalies, such as irregular or missing object components. The best-performing logical anomaly detection approaches rely on aggregated pretrained features or handcrafted descriptors (most often derived from composition maps), which discard spatial and semantic information, leading to suboptimal performance. We propose SALAD, a semantics-aware discriminative logical anomaly detection method that incorporates a newly proposed composition branch to explicitly model the distribution of object composition maps, consequently learning important semantic relationships. Additionally, we introduce a novel procedure for extracting composition maps that requires no hand-made labels or category-specific information, in contrast to previous methods. By effectively modelling the composition map distribution, SALAD significantly improves upon state-of-the-art methods on the standard benchmark for logical anomaly detection, MVTec LOCO, achieving an impressive image-level AUROC of 96.1%. Code: https://github.com/MaticFuc/SALAD
title SALAD -- Semantics-Aware Logical Anomaly Detection
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02101